Ni inama isanze ibihugu byinshi byiganjemo ibya Afurika n’impirimbanyi z’ibidukikije bijujutira ko ibihugu bikize byohereza imyuka myinshi ihumanya ikirere bikomeje kugenda biguruntege mu kubishumbusha ku byangizwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe iterwa n’iyo myuka.

Bagaragaza ko hari imiryango yabuze abayo kubera imyuzure, inkangu, ubutaka bwagiye, amapfa n’ibindi bituruka ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe ifitanye isano no kwiyongera k’umwuka uhumanya ikirere woherezwa n’ibihugu bikize cyane cyane ibyo ku mugabane w’u Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Raporo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yiswe IPPC, igaragaza ko ibyuka abatuye isi bohereza mu kirere, birimo gutuma mu mwaka wa 2030 isi izaba ishyushye ku kigero kirenze icyari kitezwe.

Igaragaza ko ubushyuhe bw’isi buzava kuri dogere 1.2 buriho kuri ubu, bukagera ku gipimo cya 1.5 cyangwa 2 mu mwaka wa 2040, ikigero ubundi abatuye isi batifuzaga ko kigerwaho muri iki kinyejana nk’uko bikubiye mu masezerano ya Paris yasinywe mu 2015.

U Rwanda kimwe n’ibindi bihugu bya Afurika, nta ruhare rugaragara bigira mu gucucumura imyuka ijya mu kirere ariko ingaruka zabyo zibigeraho kurusha ibihugu byateye imbere. Nk’ibisanzwe, ruzitabira inama ya COP27.

Ibyo u Rwanda rushyize imbere muri COP27

Leta y’u Rwanda ifite ingamba zikomeye zerekeye ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe zikaba ziteganya ko mu mwaka wa 2030 imyuka itera ukwiyongera k’ubushyuhe ku isi izagabanukaho 38%, ibi bikaba bizagabanya toni miliyoni 4.6 z’ibyuka bya carbone.

Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Imihindagurikire y’Ibihe n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga mu Kigo cy’igihugu cyo kubungabunga Ibidukikije (REMA), Hakuzimana Herman, yavuze ko mu nama ya COP27 hari imirongo u Rwanda ruzajyana ishingiye kuri politiki y’igihugu.

Ati “U Rwanda nk’igihugu kiri mu bizahazwa n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, turumva dushaka kubona umwanzuro w’iriya nama ugaragaza uburyo amafaranga ashyirwa mu guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe yongerwa kandi hakagaragara n’uburyo aboneka”.

Inama ya COP26 yari yemeje ko amafaranga ashyirwa mu guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe agomba gukubwa kabiri nibura akagera kuri miliyari 40 z’amadolari mu 2025.

Ibi bikaba bizaziba icyuho cyakundaga kugaragara ku mafaranga ashyirwa mu gukumira ingaruka n’ayashyirwa mu guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Kuri iyi ngingo, u Rwanda rukeneye ingengo y’imari ingana na miliyari 11 z’amadolari kugira ngo izi ngamba zo guhashya imihindagurikire y’ibihe zishyirwe mu bikorwa.

Ibikorwa bijyanye no guhashya imihindagurkire y’ibihe bizatwara Miliyari 5.7, mu gihe ibijyanye no guhangana n’ingaruka bizatwara Miliyali 5.3 z’amadolari.

Ikindi u Rwanda ruzajyana mu Misiri ni ibijyanye no kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere, aho ruteganya ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere izagabanyukaho 38%, igasigara kuri 16%.

Hakuzimana avuga ko nubwo u Rwanda rutari mu bihugu byohereza imyuka myinshi mu kirere, rwifuza ko ibihugu biyohereza biyigabanya cyane.

Ati “Turifuza ko muri iriya nama haboneka umwanzuro usaba ibihugu biri mu byohereza imyuka myinshi kugabanya kugira ngo twizere ko ibibazo tubona ubu bidakomeza kwiyongera”.

Abahanga bagaragaje ko hari ibibazo by’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ku isi ariko bishobora kwiyongera uko ubushyuhe nabwo buzagenda bwiyongera. Amasezerano ya Paris ateganya ko iyo myuka igabanywa ku buryo ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe butarenga dogere 1.5.

Hakuzimana ati “Turifuza umwanzuro unasaba ibihugu kugira ibikorwa bigaragara kandi bifatika kugira ngo iyo ntego izagerweho”.

U Rwanda kandi ruzongera kuzamura ijwi kugira ngo gahunda y’umusanzu igihugu cyiyemeje mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe ishyirwe mu bikorwa.

U Rwanda ruzahamagarira ibihugu bikize gutanga inkunga ya miliyari 100 z’amadolari ya Amerika agenewe gufasha imishinga itandukanye yafasha ibihugu bikennye kwikura mu ngaruka biterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.

Ni inkunga yemewe mu 2015 mu nama ya COP yabaye ku nshuro ya 21 yagombaga gutangwa hagati ya 2020 na 2025 ariko kugeza ntabwo birakorwa.

Umuhuzabikorwa by’ihuriro ry’imiryango iharanira kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe (RCCDN), Faustin Vuningoma, avuga ko nka Sosiyete Sivile bifuza ko hongerwa inkunga zo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Ati “Ibyangiritse, ibyabuze bigomba kuba byishyurwa. Hari abantu bapfa, imyaka igatwarwa, imisozi ikamanuka, ibikorwaremezo byari bihari bikagenda, ibyo byose biba bigomba kwishyurwa kuko hari ababa baracucumuye ibyuka bijya mu kirere bigatera izo ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe bakwiye kugira uruhare no mu kwishyura ibyo byangiritse”.

Vuningoma avuga ko ikindi basaba ari uko amafaranga ashyirwa mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe akwiye kongerwa kandi hakanashyirwaho n’uburyo agera ku bagize ibibazo hasi.

Ati “Ntibavuge ngo amafaranga yabonetse ariko ntabagereho, ayo mafaranga abagize ibibazo bayabona bate, bayageraho bate?”.

U Rwanda rufite gahunda y’ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe izwi nka ‘Nationally Determined Contributions –NDC’, uyu ni umusanzu igihugu cyiyemeje mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Izi ni nshingano u Rwanda ruhabwa n’amasezerano y’i Paris yerekeye kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Ayo masezerano ateganya ko ibihugu byose bigomba gutanga gahunda ivuguruye buri myaka itanu kandi iyo gahunda ivuguruye ikaba igomba kuba ikubiyemo ingamba zikomeye kurusha izari mu yayibanjirije. U Rwanda rukaba rwarabaye igihugu cya mbere muri Afurika ruba n’ igihugu cya cyenda ku Isi mu gutanga izo ngamba zivuguruye.

Zirimo kunozwa uburyo bwo gukora ingufu; imikorere y’inganda n’imikoreshereze y’ibizikorerwamo; imicungire y’imyanda, ubwikorezi n’ubuhinzi ndetse hakananozwa gahunda z’ibikorwa byo kurengera urusobe rw’ ibinyabuzima.

Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira igihugu ngo kibashe kwihanganira ibibazo bikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe ikabije, ibikorwa byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe bizibanda ku mazi, ubuhinzi, ubutaka n’amashyamba, imiturire, ubuzima n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.

Ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe biteganywa n’izi ngamba byose hamwe bizatwara miliyari 11 z’amadolari. Biteganywa ko aya mafaranga amwe azaturuka mu mu mutungo w’igihugu andi akava mu nkunga zizava hanze.

Indi nkuru wasoma: Miliyari 11$ mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe: Menya ingamba zidasanzwe u Rwanda rwashyizeho

Ibihugu byinshi bikomeje kugirwaho ingaruka n'imihindagurikire y'ibihe

Urwego rw'ingufu zisubira ruzafasha mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere itera imihindagurikire y'ibihe

Ubuhinzi ni rumwe mu nzego zigomba kwitabwaho mu guhangana n'ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ibihe