U Rwanda rurashaka gukoresha izi ngufu mu kubona amashanyarazi menshi kandi adahenze, mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije. Ntabwo igihe gukorera aya mashanyarazi mu Rwanda bizatangirira kizwi, gusa ni ibintu bizatangira gutekerezwa nyuma y’umwaka wa 2028.

Ibiganiro na Dual Fluid Energy Inc byatangiye ryari?

Umuyobozi wa Dual Fluid Energy Inc, Götz Ruprecht, yatangaje ko hashize umwaka Sosiyete ye itangiye ibiganiro n’u Rwanda hagamijwe kureba aho yakorera igerageza ry’iri koranabuhanga kuko mu Budage aho ikomoka hari amabwiriza agoye ajyanye no gukora ‘reactor’ zifashishwa mu nganda za nucléaire, ni yo mpamvu yahisemo kujya kwiyandikisha muri Canada kuko ho amategeko yorohereza abantu.

Ati “Si mu Budage gusa bigoye, ni ko bimeze no mu bindi bihugu bya OECD [ibihugu bifite ubukungu bukomeye ku Isi] bidafite uburyo cyangwa se bigoye gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukora igerageza kuri nucléaire.”

Kuki u Rwanda?

Ruprecht ati “ Twasanze u Rwanda ruri mu mwanya mwiza wo gutangira ibijyanye n’ingufu za nucléaire kandi ruri gushyiraho inzego ku buryo natwe rwabasha kutwinjiza muri iyo mikorere, rukadushyira muri gahunda zarwo mu buryo bworoshye.”

Yakomeje agira ati “Ndatekereza ko byihuse cyane hano.”

U Rwanda ni cyo gihugu cya mbere muri Afurika kigiye gukorerwamo iri gerageza.

Amasezerano yasinywe agamije iki?

Ni amasezerano yasinywe hagati y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu za Atomike mu Rwanda, RAEB, na Dual Fluid Energy Inc, yo kugerageza ikoranabuhanga rishya ngo ribyaze umuriro w’amashanyarazi ingufu za Atomique.

U Rwanda rwizeye bingana iki iki kigo rugiye gukorana nacyo?

Dual Fluid nshya ndetse nta myaka itanu iramara. Ni Sosiyete ikomoka mu Budage, ariko mu 2021 yanditswe i Vancouver muri Canada.

Dr Ndahayo yavuze ko kuyihitamo bigaragaza ubudasa bw’u Rwanda. Ati “Aho niho hari icyo twita ubudasa bw’u Rwanda, nk’igihugu buri gihe tubanza tukareba ibigo bito ariko bifite ibitekerezo bizima natwe tukareba niba bifite ireme. Ibyo twarabikoze kandi twaranabasuye aho bakorera tureba laboratwari bakoreramo dusanga biramutse bishyizwe mu bikorwa byagirira kamaro igihugu, Afurika n’Isi yose muri rusange.”

Igeragezwa rizatwara angahe?

Dual Fluid Energy Inc isobanura ko iri gerageza rizatwara miliyoni 70 z’Ama-euro ni ukuvuga asaga miliyari 90 Frw. Aya mafaranga ntabwo azatangwa n’u Rwanda ahubwo iyi sosiyete izayishakamo binyuze mu bayishoyemo imari.

U Rwanda ruzatanga ubutaka n’ibindi bikorwaremezo bikenewe ngo iyi sosiyete ibashe gukora.

Iri gerageza rizakorwa mu bice bibiri. Icya mbere ni ukubaka laboratwari izageragerezwamo reactor zikoreshwa mu gutunganya amashanyarazi. Nyuma umusaruro uzavamo ni wo uzagena ko hubakwa uruganda rwa nucléaire. Iryo gerageza ry’ibanze rizarangira mu 2028, ariko kubaka iyo reactor ubwayo byo bizarangira mu 2026, hanyuma imyaka ibiri ikoreshwe mu kuyigerageza.

Impande zombi zemeranyije ko mu 2028 zimaze kubona umusaruro wavuye mu igerageza, hazakurikiraho icyiciro cya kabiri cyo gukora inyigo y’uruganda hanyuma hakurikireho ikindi cyo gukora inyigo yo kubaka reactor zizifashishwa mu ruganda no kuzigerageza kimwe no kuzishyira aho zigomba kuba ziri zigatangira gukora.

Iyo reactor izakorwa ntizaba igomba gukoreshwa mu gutanga umuriro, ahubwo ni nto umuntu yagereranya n’uko firigo iba ingana, igomba kuzareberwaho uko niharamuka hubatswe inini izajya ikora.

Ikoranabuhanga rya Dual Fluid Energy Inc rikora gute?

Ikoranabuhanga riboneka ku Isi mu gutunganya Uranium ivamo amashanyarazi, rikoresha nibura 1% gusa byayo, 99% isigaye ikaba imyanda. Dual Fluid ifite ikoranabuhanga rituma Uranium yose ikoreshwa, ntize kujugunywa nk’imyanda cyane ko kuyitaho bigorana kuko aho ishyirwa hose ishobora kwangiza ibidukikije.

Reactor ni iki?

‘Nuclear reactor’, ni icyo umuntu yagereranya n’umutima w’uruganda rutunganya ingufu za nucléaire kuko ari cyo gikorerwamo ibintu byose bishoboka.

Kugira ngo amashanyarazi aturutse kuri nucléaire aboneke hifashishwa ubutare bwa Uranium. Icyo gihe, bafata ya Uranium bakayitunganya intima (atome) zayo zikitandukanya ku buryo zitanga ubushyuhe (ibizwi mu gifaransa nka fission nucléaire), iyo imaze gutanga ubushyuhe nibwo bifashisha bagashyushya amazi akavamo umwuka, wa mwuka akaba ariwo bayobora mu mashini ugatanga amashanyarazi.

Aho hashyuhirizwa amazi ni yo “nuclear reactor”, ari nayo Dual Fluid Energy Inc igiye gukora igerageza ryayo mu Rwanda.

Umutekano wabyo urizewe?

Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu za Atomike mu Rwanda, Dr Fidel Ndahayo, avuga ko Abanyarwanda badakwiriye kugira impungenge.

Ati “ Nagira ngo mpumurize abantu bose baba bafite impungenge, ko yaba iyo laboratwari igiye kubakwa cyangwa inganda zizubakwa byose bizagendera ku mahame mpuzamahanga areba ukuntu iryo koranabuhanga ribyaza umuriro amashyanyazi aturutse mu ngufu za Atomique agomba kuba akora.”

Yavuze ko ibyo bipimo mpuzamahanga bigenderwaho aribyo bizakurikizwa ndetse ko umwaka utaha, impuguke z’Ikigo gishinzwe ingufu za Atomike ku Isi, zizasura u Rwanda kugira ngo zirebe imiterere y’iyo laboratwari igiye kubakwa, zinagenzure niba yujuje ubuziranenge.

Ati “ Tuzakomeza gukorana n’icyo kigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe umutekano w’izo ngufu ku buryo ntacyo tuzakora kiri hanze y’ibiteganywa.”

Kuki abantu bumva ingufu za nucléaire bagahinda umushyitsi?

Ubusanzwe gukora aya amashanyarazi, hifashishwa Uranium. Ni ubutare ubusanzwe bunakoreshwa mu ikorwa ry’intwaro za kirimbuzi ari nayo mpamvu ahanini iyo umuntu yumvise ingufu za nucléaire abanza kwikanga mbere ya byose.

Bikanga kandi bitewe n’impanuka zakunze guterwa n’inganda za nucléaire. Urugero ni iyabaye mu 1986, muri Ukraine mu Mujyi wa Chernobyl ubwo habaga impanuka ikomeye yatewe n’iturika y’uruganda rwa nucléaire, abantu barenga 50 bahise bapfa ariko ingaruka ntizagarukiye aho kuko n’ubu ibibazo byatewe n’iturika ry’urwo ruganda zikiriho. Habarwa ko abantu ibihumbi bine bazapfa bitewe n’ingaruka zatewe n’iri turika.

Icyo gihe icyaturitse ni cya gice gishyuhirizwamo amazi agatanga umwuka ari nawo ubyara amashanyarazi. Hari abantu barwaye indwara zikomeye zo kwangirika uruhu, abandi bagira ibibazo bituma baruka, abandi bangirika imisokoro ku buryo byabaviriyemo kanseri.

Umunyarwanda wari i Kiev ku wa 26 Mata 1986 ubwo iyo mpanuka yabaga yabwiye IGIHE ati “Byabaye ngombwa ko imodoka zijya zisuka amazi ahantu hose mu muhanda, bagasukura inzu inshuro nyinshi, ahantu hose mu nzu, gusukura ikintu cyose [...] byari biteye ubwoba.”

Umwuka wavuye muri Ukraine ntiwangije ako gace gusa, kuko wageze no mu bihugu bihana imbibi, ku buryo hari ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2005 bukagaragaza ko hari abagizweho ingaruka n’iryo turika ry’uruganda, ku buryo nk’umubyeyi abyara umwana utuzuye cyangwa udafite ingingo zimwe na zimwe.

Dr Fidel Ndahayo avuga ko Abanyarwanda badakwiriye kugira impungenge kuko iri koranabuhanga rishya ritandukanye n’irya kera. Ati “Iri koranabuhanga rishya turi kugerageza nta mpanuka zisa n’izigeze zibaho ku Isi zishobora kubaho kuko uko ryubatse biratandukanye cyane.”

Uranium izava he?

Dr Ndahayo ati “Usibye ko n’u Rwanda inyigo zigaragaza ko dufite za Uranium nubwo tutaratangira kuyicukura kandi nta n’ubwo tugamije kuyicukura mu gihe cya vuba ubu. Kugira ngo wubake urwo ruganda ntabwo ari ngombwa ko uba ufite ibyo bikoresho by’ibanze mu gihugu kuko aho uvanye ikoranabuhanga usanga hari n’abandi baguha ibyo wakoresha.”

Mu yandi magambo, aho u Rwanda ruzakura ikoranabuhanga, ni naho ruzagura Uranium yo kwifashisha. Ati “Iyo wubatse uruganda baguha n’iyo uzakoresha nibura mu myaka 10 cyangwa 15 ku buryo nta mpungenge uba ufite zo kuvuga ngo izabura, inganda zanjye zibure aho zivana iyo zikoresha. Ibyo ntabwo bibaho.”

Yakomeje ati “Nk’ikilo kimwe cya Uranium, gishobora gusimbura amalitiro miliyoni nk’eshanu ya Mazutu. Urumva y’uko iyo ufite iryo koranabuhanga nta nubwo ubona n’imyanda myinshi cyane nk’uko abantu babivuga kuko usanga ikilo kimwe gishobora kugaburira igihugu nk’ukwezi kose ariko urebye kuri Diesel abantu bakoresha ntiwabona aho uyibika.”

Uranium igura angahe?

Mu minsi ishize, igiciro cya Uranium cyarazamutse cyane kubera Coup d’état
yabaye muri Niger yatumye ibintu bihinduka kuko ari kimwe mu bihugu bifite nyinshi. Agaciro kayo kageze kuri 56,25$ ku kilo.

Ibiciro biri hejuru byigeze bibaho byagaragaye mu 2007 ubwo yageraga ku 140$.

Uranium yatanga ingufu zingana gute?

Garama imwe ya Uranium, ishobora gutanga MW 1 ku munsi, ni ukuvuga ngo ni ingufu zingana n’izatangwa na toni eshatu z’amakara. Ubaye utunganyije ikilo kimwe cya Uranium, wabona umuriro ungana na MW 1000, ni umuriro mu Rwanda tutaranagira no mu bitekerezo.

Magingo aya, umuriro u Rwanda rufite ungana na MW 332,6.

Ingufu za nucléaire ntizangiza ikirere?

Ugereranyije n’izindi ngufu, ntabwo iza nucléaire zangiza ikirere kuko zitohereza mu kirere imyuka ihumanya ya CO2. Ntabwo kandi ahashyirwa uru ruganda hagomba kuba ari ahantu hanini ugereranyije n’ahashyirwa nk’imirasire y’izuba.

Gigawatt imwe y’ingufu za nucléaire irinda ko igihugu cyakohereza mu kirere umwuka uhumanya wa CO2 ungana na toni miliyoni icyenda, bingana n’uwakoherezwa mu kirere n’imodoka miliyoni ebyiri, bityo kuyikoresha bizatuma u Rwanda rugera ku ntego rwihaye yo kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Umuryango ushinzwe Ikoreshwa rya Nucléaire ku Isi, World Nuclear Association, bwagaragaje ko ikoreshwa ry’izi ngufu rigabanya toni 29 z’umwuka uhumanya wa CO2 kuri Gigawatt mu isaha (GWh).

Kubaka uruganda bitwara angahe?

Ni ibintu bihenze cyane ku buryo ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bidashobora kubyishoboza. Igishoboka ni ugushaka abafatanyabikorwa bashora imari, ibihugu bikaba byatanga nka 20% y’amafaranga akenewe.

Mu kubaka, uruganda rubarirwa agaciro bitewe n’ubushobozi bwarwo. Ni ukuvuga ngo nibura Watt imwe y’amashanyarazi, ibarirwa ama-euro 2,5. Bivuze ko kubaka uruganda rutanga Gigawatt imwe [1000MW] bisaba miliyari 2,5 z’ama-euro. Icyo gihe bivuze ko uba wanaguze Uranium uzakoresha mu gihe cy’imyaka iri hagati y’umunani cyangwa icumi.

Reactor igiye gukorwa ni uku iteye

Umuyobozi wa Dual Fluid Energy Inc, Götz Ruprecht, asinya amasezerano

Abayobozi batandukanye ba Dual Fluid Energy Inc bari bitabiriye uyu muhango

Isinywa ry'aya yasinywe ahagarariwe n'uwari Minisitiri w'Ibikorwaremezo, Dr Ernest Nsabimana

Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ibikorwaremezo, Eng. Patricie Uwase, yari yitabiriye uyu muhango

Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ibikorwaremezo, Eng. Patricie Uwase, yari yitabiriye uyu muhango

Yves Butera ukora mu Kigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu za Atomike aganira na Dr Bjorn Peters ushinzwe Imari muri Dual Fluid Energy Inc uri no mu bashinze iyi sosiyete

Amafoto: Yuhi Augustin