Tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 yabaye umusingi uhamye wubakiyeho iterambere u Rwanda rugezeho kuri ubu. Ni wo munsi, Ingabo zari iza RPA zateye u Rwanda mu mugambi wo kubohoza igihugu cyahezaga igice kimwe cy’abana bacyo.
Urugamba rwatangiriye mu nzira inyerera kuko ku munsi warwo wa kabiri, Maj. Gen Fred Rwigema wari uruyoboye yatabarutse.
Uru rupfu rwaciye intege abasirikare b’Inkotanyi bari ku rugamba, bituma Paul Kagame wari ku masomo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ayahagarika, aratabara, urugamba rurakomeza ruza no kugera ku ntego.
Paul Kagame wari ufite ipeti rya Major icyo gihe, ubwo yageraga ku rugamba yasanze abasirikare b’Inkotanyi bageze i Gabiro, abasaba kubanza kwisuganya no guhindura uburyo bw’imirwanire mbere yo gukomeza urugamba.
Intego y’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu niyo yatumaga ingabo za RPA zidacika intege, kuko zaharaniraga ko buri wese agira uburenganzira bukwiye mu gihugu cye.
Muri icyo gihe Leta ya Habyarimana Juvénal yakajije umurego mu bikorwa byo guhagarika Inkotanyi no gukomeza umugambi wo gutsemba burundu abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bafatwaga nk’abanzi.
Imyaka ine niyo ingabo za RPA ziganjemo abari bakiri bato zamaze zirwanira ukuri no kubaka igihugu gihamye. Benshi bahasize ubuzima ariko abazirikanye intego y’urugamba ntibacitse intege, barakomeje baratsinda.
Tariki ya 4 Nyakanga 2020 nibwo abaturarwanda bafite ubumuntu babonye agahenge ubwo Jenoside yashibutse muri iyo ngengabitekerezo yabibwe by’igihe kirekire yahagarikwaga, igihugu kikabohorwa mu minwe y’ubutegetsi bubi bwakigejeje aharindimuka.
Umunsi wo Kwibohora ushushanya ukubohora u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda ku ngoyi ya Guverinoma ya Habyarimana yakoze Jenoside no guhagarika Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi.
Ni iherezo ku ihezwa ryari ryarimakajwe ahubwo hakubakwa igihugu cyunze ubumwe aho abantu bafite uburenganzira bungana.
– Uruhare rwa RPA mu iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza
Nyuma yo kubohora igihugu, RPA yubatse igisirikare cy’igihugu aho kuba igishingiye ku muryango FPR Inkotanyi, havuka RDF yahurijwemo abakibohoye n’abahoze mu ngabo zatsinzwe [EX-FAR].
Inshingano ya RDF, ni iyo kurinda ko ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda no kubungabunga ubusugire bw’igihugu.
Itegeko Nshinga ariko riyiha inshingano ya kabiri yo gushyigikira imishinga y’iterambere ry’igihugu no gukorana n’izindi nzego mu kubumbatira no kugarura ituze rusange n’ibigusha ku iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza yabo.
Inshingano ya kabiri ntiyari yoroshye mu gihugu cyari cyuzuyemo ubukene n’ibikorwaremezo byarasenyutse.
RPA byayisabye gutangirira ku gusana ibikorwaremezo nk’imihanda n’ibiraro byangijwe mu gihe cy’intambara. Nta rwego rwa Leta rwakoraga kuko zose zari zarasenyutse.
Yifashishije abenjeniyeri bayo, RDF yubaka, ikanasana imihanda migari n’ibiraro. Kuri ubu imaze gutanga umusanzu ukomeye mu guteza imbere ibikorwaremezo mu Rwanda hibandwa ku mihanda yo mu mijyi no mu byaro ndetse n’ibiraro byinshi mu gihugu.
Ibi bikorwa byoroheje ingendo mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu aho ibyo bikorwaremezo bitari cyangwa aho byari bikeneye gusanwa. Imihanda yubatswe n’iyasanwe ireshya n’ibilometero 401.22.
RDF kandi yanashyize imbaraga mu kubaka inzu n’amashuri ndetse yanakomeje kubaka amashuri, amavuriro n’inzu zituzwamo abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’abaturage batishoboye.
Imibare yo kugera muri Kamena 2020 igaragaza ko RDF yubatse, inasana inzu 262 z’abatishoboye n’abarokotse Jenoside, imidugudu 14 y’icyitegererezo yatujwemo imiryango 832, imihanda ireshya n’ibilometero 401.22, ibiraro 20 n’indi mishanga irimo ibigo nderabuzima, amashuri n’ibindi.
Ibi byakozwe mu kuzirikana ko umutekano w’igihugu udashingiye gusa mu gukoresha imbunda ahubwo hari ubushobozi bukenerwa mu nzego nyinshi.
– Itafari rya RDF ku buhinzi no kubungabunga ibidukikije
RDF yanatanze umusanzu ukomeye mu bijyanye n’ubuhinzi. Yagize uruhare mu guhuza ubutaka mu gihugu no guha abahinzi imbuto z’ibirayi ifatanyije na Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi.
Ingabo zikorana n’abaturage mu kubungabunga ibidukikije zitera ibiti, zica amaterasi y’indinganire mu misozi mu kurwanya isuri no kubaka uburyo bwo kwirinda imyuzure mu bikorwa byakorewe ku butaka buri ku buso bwa hegitari 43 016.
Zinagira uruhare mu kwita ku bishanga no mu iterambere ryo kuhira mu buryo bugezweho.
Mu duce tumwe duhingwamo ikawa, ingabo zubatse inganda zifasha abahinzi kuyikorera isuku no kuyitunganya neza ku buryo igera ku isoko yujuje ubuziranenge kandi ifite agaciro.
RDF kandi iri ku isonga mu gukora imiti yica udukoko n’ihabwa amatungo. Byafashije ingabo guhangana na nkongwa mu Rwanda zikoresheje imiti yakorewe mu gihugu nyuma y’uko aka gakoko kari kibasiye igihingwa cy’ibigori mu bihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda.
Ingabo za RPA zari zifite ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bwo gukorera hamwe ndetse guverinoma yari ikeneye kubukoresha.
Byatekerezwaga ko abasirikare b’inzobere mu buvuzi n’abenjeniyeri bakomeye batazaguma mu bigo bya gisirikare ahubwo bazakoresha ubumenyi bwabo mu kwita ku muryango Nyarwanda.
– Umusanzu mu iterambere ry’urwego rw’ubuzima
RDF ifite ibitaro bya Kanombe, Kanombe Military Hospital (RMH) biri mu byagutse mu gihugu kandi by’icyitegererezo binafite ibikoresho bihagije. Mu bagana ibi bitaro, abagera kuri 80% ni abaturage basanzwe. Mu kwezi byakira abarwayi 155 250, muri bo 408 bahabwa serivisi zo kubagwa.
Abarwayi babigana bivuza indwara zoroheje kugeza ku zikomeye nka kanseri kuko bifite ishami rizobereye mu bijyanye no kubaga. Icyiyongereyeho mu bikorwa by’ingabo bigamije iterambere ry’abaturage, RDF buri mwaka yegereza abaturage serivisi zitandukanye z’ubuvuzi.
Abantu benshi mu bice by’icyaro ntibabasha kugerwaho n’ubuvuzi bifuza. Ibi bibagiraho ingaruka kuko bituma uburwayi bubakomerana. Ibikorwa bya RDF bibafasha kubona ubuvuzi bakeneye.
Muri uyu mwaka bitewe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19, ibikorwa ingabo zikorera abaturage ntibyabaye nk’ibisanzwe ariko RDF yatanze umusanzu wayo mu gushyiraho ahantu hakirirwa abarwayi mu guhashya iki cyorezo mu duce twa Kabgayi i Muhanga, Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Kanyinya muri Nyarugenge n’Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Gatenga kiri mu Karere ka Kicukiro.
Ibindi bikorwa ingabo zikorera abaturage birimo kubaka no kuvugurura amavuriro bikorwa n’Inkeragutabara ku bufatanye na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima.
– Umurava w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga Amahoro
U Rwanda rushobora kuba ruri mu bihugu bike aho kubungabunga amahoro no gutabara abagizweho ingaruka n’amakimbirane hirya no hino ku Isi biteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga ry’Igihugu. Biri muri gahunda kandi bishyirwa mu bikorwa na RDF.
Bitewe n’amateka mabi yagejeje igihugu kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 no guha agaciro ko inshuti nyayo igaragarira mu makuba, u Rwanda rwahisemo gutanga umusanzu warwo wo kugarura amahoro n’ituze aho bikenewe.
Ku bw’iyi mpamvu RDF yafashe iya mbere mu kohereza ingabo zigarura amahoro muri Darfur mu 2004 no muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique mu 2014.
Mu nama mpuzamahanga ku mahoro yigaga ku kurinda umutekano w’abasivili yabereye i Kigali kuva ku wa 28 kugeza ku wa 29 Gicurasi 2015, Perezida Paul Kagame akaba n’Umugaba w’Ikirenga w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, RDF, yabigarutseho.
Yagize ati “Intego nyamukuru y’ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro ni ukurinda abasivili. Ibi ntibishobora kuvugwa kenshi gahagije. Ntabwo ari ukurinda amasezerano y’amahoro cyangwa amahame ya Loni, ndetse n’ababungabunga amahoro ku bw’iyo mpamvu, abenshi usanga barinda abanyapolitiki bake. Intego ni ukurinda abaturage basanzwe baba bari mu kaga.”
Ku wa 12 Mata 2019, ubwo yari ku Cyicaro cya Loni ku Munsi Mpuzamahanga wo gutekereza kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Perezida Kagame, yongeye kubishimangira.
Yagize ati “U Rwanda ntabwo rutanga ingabo n’abapolisi gusa. Tuba dufite n’umukoro duhabwa n’indangagaciro tuvoma mu mateka yacu ababaje. Nk’igihugu cyigeze gutereranwa n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga, dushishikajwe no gutanga uruhare rwacu ngo ibintu bibe byiza kurushaho, dukomeze imbere.”
RDF ijya mu bikorwa byo kugarura amahoro ifite umuhate yaba uwo ikomora mu mateka yo kwihangana n’indangangagaciro zayo nk’urwego, byiyongera ku kuba yemera agaciro kabyo nka rimwe mu mahame umunani yo kurinda abasivili yemerejwe i Kigali.
U Rwanda rwiyemeje gutanga umusanzu warwo kugira ngo Isi igire amahoro. Ni ku bw’iyo mpamvu RDF yitabira ubutumwa bwa Loni aho ingabo zifasha mu kugera ku mahoro n’umutekano birambye mu bihugu byabayemo imvururu.
Mu bihugu bitanga ingabo nyinshi mu bikorwa bya Loni byo kugarura amahoro, u Rwanda ruri ku mwanya wa gatatu. RDF ifite batayo eshanu z’ingabo zirwanira ku butaka, batayo ishinzwe imodoka z’intambara, batayo irwanisha imodoka z’intambara, ishami ry’iby’indege, abaganga, abakozi n’indorerezi za gisirikare. Hari ingabo za RDF 5342 ziri muri AMISOM, MINUSCA, UNAMID, UNISFA na UNMISS.
U Rwanda rwanemeye gutanga batayo imwe irwanira ku butaka (abasirikare 850), ibitaro byo ku rwego rwa II, ndetse n’ikigo cy’ubwubatsi; bishobora koherezwa mu buryo bwihuse guhera ku wa 1 Nyakanga 2020 kugeza ku wa 30 Kamena 2021.
Mu kugarura amahoro hirya no hino ku Isi no kwagura umubano, RDF iri no mu ngabo za Afurika y’Iburasirazuba zihora ziteguye gutabara aho rukomeye (EASF).
Gahunda ya Afurika yunze Ubumwe y’Amahoro n’Umutekano yashyiriweho kugabanya ingaruka z’amakimbirane muri Afurika no kongera ituze muri politiki, imibereho myiza n’ubukungu.
Imwe mu ntwaro zo kugera ku mahoro n’umutekano muri Afurika ni ingabo za Afurika zihora ziteguye gutabara aho rukomeye (ASF) zishinzwe amahoro, umutekano, ituze no kwihuza k’uturere.
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