Ni pariki ifatiye benshi runini kuko uretse kuba Abanyarwanda bayivomamo ubukungu buturuka ku byiza nyaburanga biyibamo, ni n’isoko y’ibyishimo ku banyamahanga bayisura bagamije kwirebera bimwe mu bigize urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruyibarizwamo.

Kuva mu 2005, buri mwaka mu Rwanda haba umunsi wo Kwita izina abana b’ingagi baba baravutse ndetse mu myaka 16, abana b’ingagi 328 bamaze kuyahabwa.

Ni ibikorwa biba bigamije kwerekana agaciro ingagi zifitiye igihugu no gushimira abaturage baturiye Pariki y’Ibirunga, abita ku bayigana n’abaganga bita ku ngagi.

IGIHE yagiranye ikiganiro cyihariye n’Umuyobozi wa Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga, Uwingeri Prosper agaruka ku ruhare rwayo mu iterambere ry’igihugu, ingamba zo kuyagura no kuyibungabunga n’ibindi.

Ubusanzwe Pariki y’Ibirunga ifite ubuso bwa Km2 450, buhuriweho n’ibihugu by’u Rwanda, RDC na Uganda yaje kwiyongeraho nyuma. Muri ubwo buso bwose, mu 1958 u Rwanda rwonyine rwari rwihariye Km2 338, ariko bwagiye bugabanuka bitewe n’uko abantu bayadukiriye, batangira gutema amashyamba, gushimuta inyamaswa no gutura mu bice byayo.

Pariki y’Ibirunga ikora ku birunga bitanu by’u Rwanda ari byo Kalisimbi, Bisoke, Sabyinyo, Gahinga na Muhabura.

Inyamaswa n’ibimera biyibarizwamo, bigenda bitandukana bitewe n’ubutumburuke cyangwa imiterere yorohereza buri kinyabuzima cyaho kuhaba nta nkomyi.

Muri iyi Pariki hagaragara amoko atandukanye y’amashyamba arimo ibiti kimeza, ibyatsi n’ibindi bimera by’amoko atandukanye bigenda birushaho kuba bigufi uko byegera buri gasongero k’ikirunga, kugeza ubwo ku dusongero twa bimwe mu Birunga nka Muhabura na Bisoke, hejuru ku gasongero muri ibyo byombi uhasanga ikiyaga gito.

Dusubire inyuma mu mateka…

Amateka agaragaza ko mu 1902, aribwo Umudage Captain Friedrich Robert von Beringe, yageze muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga ahuriramo n’inyamaswa atahise amenya iyo ariyo, kuko n’ubundi no mu mateka y’ibya siyansi nta muntu wari wakamenye ibiyerekeyeho.

Icyo gihe Von Beringei wari n’umusirikare yarashe inyamaswa, yohereza bimwe mu bice byayo i Berlin mu Budage ari nabwo abahanga basesenguye imiterere yayo byemezwa ko ari Ingagi, amateka yayo aba yiyanditse atyo.

Ingagi ikimara kuvumburwa, abashakashatsi mu birebana na zo ntibasibaga muri iyo Pariki, bituma mu 1967, Umunyamerika w’umushakashatsi mu birebana n’ibidukikije, Diana Fossey, wamenyekanye mu Rwanda ku izina rya Nyiramacibiri, na we atangira gukora ubushakashatsi ku ngagi.

Pariki y’Ibirunga yemejwe bwa mbere mu 1925. Icyo gihe cyari igice gikora ku Birunga bya Kalisimbi, Bisoke na Mikeno, ndetse abashakashatsi bavuga ko ariyo Pariki Nkuru y’Igihugu yashinzwe bwa mbere ku Mugabane wa Afurika.

Uko imyaka yagiye ishira, ni nako ubuso bw’iyo pariki bwagurwaga ndetse mu 1929 yakoraga ku gice cy’uruhande rw’u Rwanda na Congo Mbiligi y’icyo gihe ariyo Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo y’ubu.

Abakoloni b’Ababiligi bakoronizaga ibyo bihugu byombi bamaze kuyagurira ku buso bwa Km² 8090 bayihaye izina rya Parc National d’Albert, dore ko ari nabo bayicungaga. Kuyicunga kwabo bishingiye ku kuba bari bamaze kubona ko urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima biyirimo ruhishe ubukungu bwinshi.

Ubwo mu 1960 Congo (iyahoze ari Zaïre) yabonaga ubwigenge, ndetse n’u Rwanda rukaza kububona mu 1962, Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga yari ihuriweho n’ibyo bihugu byombi yacitsemo ibice bibiri, buri gihugu gitangira kubungabunga uruhande rwacyo.

Urugendo rwo gucunga no kubungabunga pariki

Ubusanzwe Pariki y’Ibirunga ikora ku Ntara z’Amajyaruguru n’Uburengerazuba, mu Turere twa Musanze, Burera, Nyabihu na Rubavu. Imirenge ikora kuri iyi pariki yose hamwe ni 12 ari naho ibikorwa byo kubungabunga pariki byibanda.

Uwingeri avuga ko mu 2000, aribwo hakozwe gahunda y’igihe kirekire yo gucunga no kubungabunga pariki, aho muri icyo gihe abasura pariki babarizwaga muri 4000 mu mwaka.

Mu 2005 ni bwo hashyizweho gahunda y’ibikorwa bya Pariki [Management Plan], ari nabwo hatangiye ibikorwa byo kwamamaza ubukerarugendo bigendanye na gahunda ya leta yo kubuteza imbere.

Muri iyo myaka ni bwo abakerarugendo batangiye kwiyongera bagera kuri 7000, imiryango y’Ingagi icyo gihe yari umunani. Muri rusange ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo byari bitangiye kwaguka no kwinjiriza akayabo igihugu muri rusange.

Uwingeri ati “Iyo urebye rero mu myaka navuga wenda nka 20 ishize, hajeho ibikorwa byo kwamamaza ubukerarugendo, tuva muri iyo myaka ya 2005, ari abakerarugendo bake ariko ubu mbere ya Covid-19, twari tugeze mu bakerarugendo hafi ibihumbi 35 ku mwaka.”

“Wajya no kureba ku mutungo uturuka ku bukerarugendo icyo gihe, menya na miliyoni y’amadorali itarageragaho, ariko ubu mbere ya Covid-19 iyi pariki yari igeze aho yinjiza hafi miliyoni $26.”

Uwingeri agaragaza ko ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo n’ababigiramo uruhare; ni ukuvuga abafite amahoteli, restaurants, abatwara ba mukerarugendo, abacuruza ibyo bakenera n’abandi bariyongereye cyane.

Ati “Twebwe rero twishimira ibintu nka bibiri; twabonye pariki ibungabunzwe neza noneho n’imiryango y’ingagi iriyongera. Ubu zavuye kuri 380 ubu ibarura riheruka 2016 ryagaragaje ko muri aka gace harimo ingagi 604.”

Kuva mu 2005, abaturage baturiye Pariki y’Ibirunga basaranganyijwe ibiva mu musaruro w’ubukerarugendo. Kuva icyo gihe hari imishinga myinshi yatewe inkunga, irimo iyubakwa ry’amashuri, inzu zubakiwe abatishoboye, kubaka amavuriro, guteza imbere ubworozi, ubuvumvu n’ubukorikori.

Ubwo gahunda yo gusaranganya inyungu z’ibiva mu bukerarugendo yatangiraga, abaturage bo mu mirenge 12 ikora kuri Pariki y’Ibirunga bagenerwaga inyungu y’amafaranga angana na 5% buri mwaka ariko yarongerewe aba 10%.

Mu myaka 16, nibura miliyari 6.5 Frw zashowe mu mishinga 780 ifitiye akamaro abaturage. Irimo iy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi no gutunganya urukuta n’umusingi bikumira inyamaswa zonera abaturage no gushyigikira Ikigega gishinzwe indishyi ku byangizwa n’inyamaswa za Pariki.

Uwingeri yavuze ko ukwiyongera kw’amafaranga y’ubukerarugendo kujyana n’izamuka ry’agenwa mu gusangira inyungu yabonetse.

Yagize ati “Tuyasangira mu Birunga ariko tunafasha n’izindi pariki zitinjiza amafaranga menshi nk’aya hano. Iyi pariki kuba irimo ingagi, zikaba zikurura ba mukerarugendo mu Rwanda, gukoresha ubushobozi bwayo tukishyura abaturage ibyangijwe n’inyamaswa, kugira amashyirahamwe y’abafatanyabikorwa mu baturage ari nabo bagenerwabikorwa, usanga tutavuga ko yatuzaniye umutungo gusa ahubwo yanatuzaniye no kubana neza n’abaturiye pariki barimo n’abahoze ari ba rushimusi kuko ubu ni bo batunzwe n’ibyiza bya pariki.”

Iterambere rya Musanze, amahoteli y’akataraboneka byashibutse ku Birunga

Abaturage bo muri aka gace ka pariki usanga harimo abatwaza ba mukerarugendo ibikapu, abakora ubucuruzi buciriritse, ababatwara mu modoka, abahawemo akazi ko kubayobora n’ibindi bikorwa bibagirira akamaro.

Ikindi kintu gikomeye ni uko abahoze mu bikorwa y’ubushimusi bw’inyamaswa no kwangiza Pariki mu bundi buryo, uko bagiye bigishwa bagiye bareka ibyo bikorwa, bayoboka indi mishinga ifite aho ihuriye no kubungabunga Pariki.

Ubu mu mashyirahamwe 70 ahuriyemo abakabakaba 4.000 barimo n’abahoze mu bushimusi, bashishikajwe n’ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi mu makoperative. Ibyo binabafasha gukora ishoramari ku giti cyabo, bikunganira umusaruro ukomoka ku madevise ava mu bukerarugendo babona buri mwaka.

Uko umutungo ukomoka mu Birunga wiyongera ni ko bikurura ishoramari ritari iry’Abanyarwanda gusa, ahubwo n’abanyamahanga.

Uwingeri yabwiye IGIHE ko mu myaka ya 2000, muri aka gace ka Pariki y’Ibirunga habarizwaga hoteli imwe nayo itari ku rwego rushimishije ariko kugeza uyu munsi habayeho ubwiyongere bugaragarira bose.

Uyu munsi hamaze kubakwa amahoteli ari ku rwego mpuzamahanga arimo Singita, One&Only Gorilla Nest, Bisate Lodge, Sabyinyo Silverback Lodge n’izindi.

Ati “Hari ibyiciro bitandukanye by’amahoteli, hari iziri mu Kinigi harimo za hoteli nziza zakira ba mukerarugendo batanga amafaranga kandi bakatwereka agaciro k’Ingagi ariko bakanatubaza izindi gahunda zo gukomeza kuvuga ko iki cyanya atari umutungo wacu gusa ahubwo ni uw’Isi.”

Yakomeje agira ati “Ni cyo cyiza rero cy’iri shoramari rikomeye ry’iruhande rwa pariki.”

Uwingeri yavuze ko kuri ubu pariki igiye kwagurwa aho izava ku buso bwa hegitari 16.000 iriho uyu munsi hakazongerwaho ubuso bwa hegitari 3.740 mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ubwisanzure bucye ingagi zifite.

Kwagura Pariki y’igihugu y’Ibirunga, ni umushinga watekerejwe mu 2017, aho biteganyijwe ko uzatwara miliyoni 200$, asaga miliyari 198 Frw.

Iyi pariki iri mu zagizweho ingaruka na Covid-19 ku buryo bukomeye bituma n’amafaranga u Rwanda rwayinjizagamo agabanuka.

Mu 2019, u Rwanda rwakiriye abantu miliyoni 1.63, rusaruramo miliyoni 498$, muri yo ubukerarugendo bw’ingagi bwinjije miliyoni 107$.

Mu mwaka ushize, igihugu cyinjije miliyoni 121$ aturutse mu bukerarugendo mu gihe intego yari yashyizweho muri 2021 ari ukwinjiza miliyoni 600$.

Ingagi zibarizwa muri Pariki y'Igihugu y'Ibirunga harimo n'izikuze cyane. Aho ziri ni ku buso bwa hegitari 16.000 ndetse biteganyijwe ko iyo pariki izongerwaho hegitari 3.740 mu kongera ubwisanzure bw'ingagi

Ingagi zigira abana ndetse mu miryango yazo usanga zigena umwanya wo kuganira, kuruhuka n'ibindi bikorwa bijya gusa n'ibyo muntu akora

Intoki n'inzara neza ntaho wabitandukanyiriza n'ibyo wowe muntu uri kureba iyi foto ufite

Iyi yari irimo kwituma ibikomeye

Ku kazuba k'agasusuruko, ingagi iba yota izuba. Ifite imiterere ijya gusa n'iy'umuntu

Kugera ahari ingagi bisaba gukora urugendo rutari ruto uterera imisozi iri muri pariki

Umuholandi Louis Van Gaal watoje Manchester United ari mu bagiriye ibihe byiza mu Birunga. Yanasuye abana bakina ruhago bahuza urugwiro ndetse yishimira impano zabo

Mu Birunga birumvikana ni mu misozi miremire, kuhazamuka ugomba kuba wabyambariye

Amahirwe yo kubona ingagi bugufi bwawe, ugomba kuyabyaza umusaruro ufata agafoto

Abasura Pariki y'Igihugu y'Ibirunga baba bafite abashinzwe kubaherekeza baba bazi kuvugana n'ingagi zo mu misozi

Abasura Pariki y'Igihugu y'Ibirunga biyongera buri mwaka biturutse ku kwamamaza ubukerarugendo

Ingagi na yo yishakira ibyo kurya mu ishyamba

Ingagi ziri mu nyamaswa zisigaye hake ku Isi, u Rwanda ruri mu bihugu bizibungabunga neza

Izi nyamaswa na zo zifungura nk'abantu

Akanyamuneza aba ari kose kuri ba mukerarugendo basura Pariki y'Ibirunga, ahanini bituruka no ku buryo bakiranwa urugwiro

Ugeze mu Birunga azirikana gufata ifoto y'urwibutso

Ba mukerarugendo basura Ingagi, ntibajya bataha badafashe amafoto n'amashusho yo kubika nk'urwibutso

Bigirimana François ni umwe mu bashinzwe kuyobora ba mukerarugendo basura Pariki y'Ibirunga

Umunya-Brazil David Luiz ari mu bantu bagiriye ibihe byiza mu Rwanda by'umwihariko muri Pariki y'Ibirunga

David Luiz wakanyujijeho mu makipe arimo Arsenal na Chelsea, aha yafataga aga 'Selfie' ari hafi y'ingagi

Abenshi mu basura Pariki y'Ibirunga bagenda bayivuga imyato bayiratira n'andi mahanga bitewe n'ibyiza baba bayisanzemo. Aha David Luiz yari kumwe na bamwe mu bamuherekeje n'abo mu muryango we

Abajya gusura Pariki y'Ibirunga bahasanga ibyiza byinshi, aha David Luiz wakiniraga Arsenal FC yo mu Bwongereza isanzwe yamamaza ubukerarugendo bw'u Rwanda yari arimo kwenyegeza umuriro. Yasuye iyi pariki mu Ukwakira 2019

David Luiz yasize ateye igiti muri Pariki y'Ibirunga nk'ikimenyetso cyo kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima n'ibidukikije

Gutondagira imisozi yo muri Pariki y'Ibirunga bisaba kuba witwaje inkoni wicumba, ikaba yakugoboka aho unyereye

Ibimera byo muri Pariki y'Ibirunga byabaye inzitane, kubinyuramo hamwe na hamwe bisaba gusesera

Ifoto y'urwibutso ni ingenzi niba uteganya gusura Pariki y'Ibirunga, uzayizirikane. Aha Niyonzima Moïse usanzwe afotora nawe ntiyacitswe n'amahirwe yo gufata agafoto kamwe yamwenyuye

Ingagi ziba zibereye kurebwa! Ubukerarugendo buzishingiyeho bwinjije miliyoni 107$ mu 2019

Ingagi na zo zizi kwifotoza kuko imenya ko hari umuntu uri kuyifotora igahagarara neza

Ingagi ziba muri Pariki y'Ibirunga, iyo wazitwayeho neza ntabwo zigira amahane kuko wicarana nazo nk'aho muziranye

Uwasuye Pariki y'Ibirunga ahagirira ibihe byiza uko byagenda kose, ni umunsi w'urwibutso rutazasibangana kuri benshi

Umwenda w'imbeho cyangwa ikoti rifasha umuntu kuba atanyagirwa n'imvura ni ingenzi ku muntu wasuye Pariki y'Ibirunga

Uwigeze kuba nimero ya mbere ku Isi muri Tennis mu bagore, Umurusiyakazi Maria Yuryevna Sharapova, na we yasuye ingagi zo mu Birunga ubwo yari mu biruhuko mu Rwanda

Video: Hakizimana Olivier & Uwacu Lizerie

Amafoto: Niyonzima Moïse