Mu myaka yo hambere byari bigoranye kumva ko muri Afurika hari abantu bafite ubuhanga bwo kwinjira mu ikoranabuhanga rya banki bakayicucura miliyoni z’amadolari, bakabikora umwaka wa mbere uwa kabiri n’uwa gatatu.

Abakurikiranye isomwa ry’urubanza rw’iri tsinda ryari rigizwe n’Abanyarwanda 11, Abanyakenya 10 n’Umugande umwe batunguwe no kumva ubuhanga ryakoresheje mu gucucura banki zo muri Kenya, Uganda n’u Rwanda bafashwe bamaze iminsi mike bototera.

Abakatiwe ni Dedan Muchoki Murikuki, Robert Kagabo, Julius Kayitana, Eric Dickson Njagi Mutegi, Steve Maina Wambungu, Godfrey Gachiri Githinji, Reuben Kirongothi Nwangi, Samuel Wachira Nyuguto, Damaris Njeri Kamau, Kinyua Erickson Macharia, Kabera Seth, Ngabitsinze Eric, Kankunda Sareh, Apiini Fabrice, Uwingeneye Mediatrice, Rutaboba David, Dukundimana Jean Claude, Uwiringiyimana James, Katabogama Abel na Dorcas Nduta Gakuno.

Igiteranyo cy’amafaranga yose aba bajura bibye ntikizwi neza, gusa hari amakuru avuga ko abarirwa muri miliyoni 400 Ksh (angana na miliyari 3.6 Frw).

Ubwo hatangazwaga inkuru y’uko aba bantu bakatiwe n’urukiko, The Nation yakoze inkuru igaragaza ko akarere kose kiruhukije ndetse inagaruka ku mateka yihariye y’iri tsinda n’uburyo ryakoragamo ibi bikorwa by’ubujura.

Ryatangijwe n’uwahoze ari umupolisi wa Kenya

Mu 2010 ubwo Kenya yari yugarijwe cyane n’ubujura bukoresha ikoranabuhanga, bwibasiraga cyane ibigo by’imari n’iby’itumanaho, Urwego rw’Ubugenzacyaha muri Kenya, DCI rwashyizeho itsinda ry’abakozi barwo rishinzwe gukurikirana ibi byaha mu buryo bwihariye.

Iri tsinda ryahawe izi nshingano mu 2010 ryarimo na Calvin Otieno Ogalo, umupolisi wari umuhanga cyane mu by’ikoranabuhanga akaba n’umusore muto uzi gucukumbura.

Kugeza mu 2012 Calvin Otieno Ogalo yari amaze gutahura abenshi mu bari bihishe inyuma y’ubu bujura, gusa aho kugira ngo abate muri yombi ahubwo yarabahuje ashinga umutwe waje kuyogoza akarere kose mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho.

Uyu mutwe yashinze wari urimo Alex Mutungi Mutuku wamenyekanye cyane ubwo yinjiraga mu ikoranabuhanga rya Sosiyete y’Itumanaho ya Safaricom akiha ‘Airtime’ y’ibihumbi 20Ksh nta giceri na kimwe yishyuye.

Wari urimo kandi Reuben Kirogothi Mwangi, Eric Dickson Njagi, Godfrey Gachiri, Erickson Macharia Kinyua, Stanley Kimeu Mutua, Henry Achoka, Duncan Bokela, Martin Murathe, David Wambugu, Albert Komen na James Mwaniki.

Kubera ubufasha bahabwaga na Calvin Otieno Ogalo, mu gihe gito aba basore bavuye ku kwiba amafaranga make baba abajura ba za miliyoni z’amadorali.

Kubera imikorere idahwitse mu 2012 Calvin Otieno Ogalo yaje kwirukanwa na DCI. Uku kwirukanwa kwamubereye amahirwe yo kunoza imikorere y’iri tsinda yari ayoboye mu ibanga maze ahita arihinduramo umutwe yise ‘Forkbombo’.

Mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho batangiye kwiba ibigo bikomeye, kuva kuri Daily Nation na NCBA Bank kugeza ku Kigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro muri Kenya (KRA).

Uyu mutwe wamenyekanye cyane ubwo watinyukaga kwinjira mu ikoranabuhanga ry’Isanduku ya Leta, ukagaragaza ko hari abantu bagomba kwishyurwa miliyoni 80Ksh bikarangira bazitwaye.

Bivugwa ko muri ubu bujura, abagize iri tsinda bashyiraga porogaramu bakoresha mu kwiba muri mudasobwa z’ikigo bashaka kwiba. Ku bujura bwakorewe KRA ho ngo bafashe laptop yabo bayinjiza aho iki kigo gikorera itangira gukora nka ‘server’.

Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro cya Kenya cyo iri tsinda ryabaye nk’aho rikigira ayo ifundi rigira ibivuzo, kuko ryakibye induru zikavuga. Byageze n’aho batangira kugenzura ikoranabuhanga ryacyo ku buryo bakoranaga n’abacuruzi b’imodoka bakabishyura ubundi imodoka baguze zikagaragara mu ikoranabuhanga nk’izishyuriwe imisoro kandi byahe byo kajya. Bivugwa ko binyuze muri ibi bikorwa KRA yahombye miliyari 3,9 Ksh.

Iri tsinda ryari rigizwe n'abasore b'abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga

Barafashwe, abasigaye bimurira ibikorwa Uganda

Abagize Forkbombo bakomeje ibikorwa byabo by’ubujura, bayogoza abantu karahava ndetse baba nk’abashyekewe, kugeza mu 2017 ubwo bageragezaga kwiba bashaka kwiga Ikigo cy’Imari cya Polisi (The Kenya Police Sacco).

Kuri iyi nshuro umenya ya minsi 40 yari yageze ku bagize Forkbombo kuko 11 muri bo bahise batabwa muri yombi ndetse haboneka n’ibimenyetso byo kubashinja mu kirego baregwagamo kwiba KRA.

Ku ikubitiro hafashwe 10 barimo na Calvin Otieno Ogalo, Alex Mutungi Mutuku aza gufatwa nyuma y’icyumweru. Muri ibi bihe uyu mutwe wabaye nk’aho ucitse intege ndetse benshi batangira kwiyumvisha ko utazongera gukora.

Mu rwego rwo kuziba icyuho, Reuben Kirogothi Mwangi wafatwaga nka nimero ya gatatu muri Forkbombo yatangiye kwegeranya bagenzi be batari barafashe na Polisi barimo Erick Dickson Njagi, Godfrey Gachiri na Erickson Macharia Kinyua.

Nyuma yo kwiyemeza gusubukura ibikorwa byabo binjije abandi basore muri iri tsinda barimo uwitwa Dedan Muchoki Muriuki, Samuel Wachira Nyuguto, Damaris Njeri Kamau na Steve Maina Wambugu.

Kubera umutekano wari warakajijwe kandi bagenzurwa buri munsi, aba basore ntiborohewe no kongera kwiba muri Kenya, ahubwo bafashe umwanzuro wo kwimurira ibikorwa byabo muri Uganda. Gusa iki gihe mu buryo bw’ibanga inzego z’umutekano muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba zari zaratangiye kujya zihana amakuru kuri iri tsinda.

Mu 2018, Forkbombo igizwe n’abanyamuryango bashya yinjiye muri Uganda, maze Polisi ya Kenya na yo iburira iya Uganda ishobora kuba igiye kugwa mu kaga ku bujura butigeze bubaho.

Nyuma y’igihe biga iri soko rishya, muri Kamena 2019, Mwangi n’itsinda rye bagabye igitero kuri Development Finance Company of Uganda (DFCU Bank) maze bayicucura miliyoni 244 Ksh. DFCU Bank yamenye ko iri kwibwa hashize ukwezi.

Muri ubu bujura abagize Forkbombo bifashishije abakozi babiri ba DFCU Bank kugira ngo babafashe gushyira porogaramu bakoreshaga mu mashini zo ku kazi kabo.

Abagize Forkbombo bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga bafashe ‘debit cards’ z’abakiliya DFCU Bank yari yaramaze kwakira kuko zarengeje igihe ngo ibahe izindi nshya maze bazisubiza ku murongo batangira kugenda bazibikuzaho amafaranga gake gake.

Byagiye kugera muri Nyakanga 2019 DFCU Bank imaze kwibwa miliyoni 244 Ksh hakoreshejwe ubu buryo. Iyi banki yaje kugeza ikirego kuri Polisi ya Uganda maze abakozi bayo babiri batabwa muri yombi, hanafashwe kandi abandi bantu babiri Forkbombo yakoreshaga mu kubikuza aya mafaranga.

Nyuma yo kwiba aya mafaranga Forkbombo yabaye nk’ituje kugira ngo igabanye ukumvikana kwayo mu bashinzwe umutekano ari na ko abayigize bacura imigambi yo kwinjira ngo bayogoze n’u Rwagasabo.

Mu 2017 abenshi mu bari bagize iri tsinda barafashwe

Uko itsinda rya Forkbombo ryinjiye ku butaka bw’u Rwanda

Forkbombo yageze mu Rwanda mu ntangiriro z’Ukwakira 2019 ndetse abayigize batangira kwiga ikibuga cy’aho yagombaga gukorera, ni ukuvuga mu Mujyi wa Kigali.

Bijya gutangira, ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2019, Ibiro bya Interpol muri Uganda (National Central Bureau-NCB) byandikiye iby’i Kigali, biyimenyesha ko Umunya-Kenya Dedan Muchoki ashakishwa ku byaha byo kwiba banki yakoreye muri Uganda na Kenya.

Abagize inzego z’ubutasi bamenyesheje Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha, RIB, ko abo ba-hackers bashakaga kwiba banki enye zirimo na Equity Bank y’Abanya-Kenya.

Iri tsinda ryari rigizwe n’abantu 20 barimo Abanya-Kenya umunani, Umunya-Uganda umwe ndetse ryari ryamaze no kwinjizwamo Abanyarwanda 11. akigera mu gihugu, amakuru yari yamaze kumenyekana ko bahari ndetse n’ubuyobozi bwa Equity Bank, Ishami rya Kigali, bubimenyesha inzego z’umutekano.

Mu gutangira, iri tsinda ryakoreshaga amayeri yo kwiyegereza abarimo abakozi bo mu rugo n’abandi badafite amikoro; icyo gihe RIB yahise itungirwa agatoki ko Forkbombo yatangiye gushaka abo bakorana.

Kugeza iki gihe amakuru y’ibanze yari yamaze kuboneka kuko iri tsinda ryari rimaze igihe mu Rwanda ariko RIB n’abakozi ba Equity bakomeza gutegereza igihe habaho gukoma imbarutso ku buryo bahita babafata.

Mu bajura bibye Uganda hafashwemo umwe witwa Martin, uyu yaje gukoreshwa kugira ngo abinjiye mu Rwanda bafatwe; bityo binyuze ku mukozi wa Equity Bank Rwanda yatanze nimero z’uwo byavugwaga ko azafasha rya tsinda ry’abajura ryari ryinjiye mu Rwanda. Izo nimero zahawe uwafatiwe i Bugande, na we aziha Dedan Muchoki Muriuki wari mu bagize iryo tsinda.

Nyuma yo kubona nimero za telefoni ze, RIB yatangiye gukurikirana ingendo n’ibikorwa by’ako gatsiko k’abajura.

Ku wa 23 Ukwakira 2019, Dedan yageze mu Rwanda ahita ahamagara umuntu yari yahawe nimero ze amubwira ko yabwiwe go amufashe, amusaba ko bahura ageze i Kigali.

Ku mugoroba w’uwo munsi, aba bombi bahuriye ahantu hamwe mu kabari i Remera, bahicara umwanya muto, baza kuhava bajya ahandi bagiye gushaka ibyo kurya.

Icyo gihe bahise bimukira ahandi, bahahurira n’abandi barimo uwitwa Erickson Kinyua Macharia alias Stevo, Damaris Njeri Kamau n’abakobwa babiri baje kubasanga saa Mbili n’igice za nimugoroba.

Mu byo baganiriye, bamubajije niba bakwizera ibyo yabwiwe n’uwo bamutumyeho kugira ngo bakomeze ibiganiro byabo, abasubiza ko nta kibazo. Bamubajije niba afite konti muri Equity Bank na ATM, ababwira ko ayifite, bamubaza amafaranga ashobora kubikuza muri banki akoresheje ATM ku munsi arayababwira.

Abahawe ikiraka muri iryo tsinda babajije ingano y’amafaranga bazahabwa, abo barimo Seth Kabera na Robert Kagabo babwiwe ko bazajya bahabwa 40% na ho 60% akajya ku mukoresha wabo muri Kenya. Muri ayo 40% bari gusigarana, 20% yari guhabwa uwatanze konti, andi 20 % agahabwa abo Banyakenya.

Ibiganiro bagiranye kuri uwo mugoroba babicumbitse bitarangiye ndetse banzura ko babisubukura mu gitondo.

Wa mugabo wavuye muri Uganda yahise ajyana Dedan na Dickson mu modoka ye, abajyana aho bagombaga kurara muri imwe muri hoteli ziri ku Kimironko, abakobwa bajya kurara ukwabo.

I Nyabugogo ni ho hatangiriye kugeragerezwa ubujura

Ku munsi wakurikiyeho, mu gitondo saa Kumi n’Ebyiri ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2019, wa mugabo yageze aho bari baraye, Robert na Seth barahamusanga.

Ni bwo baje kuhava berekeza Nyabugogo, aho basanze irindi tsinda ririmo abantu batanu ari bo Eric Dickson Njangi Mutegi, Godfrey Gathinji Gachiri, Samuel Wachira Nyoguto, Reuben Kirongothi Mwangi na Steve Maina Wambuga.

Bavuye mu modoka baravugana, wa mugabo wavuye muri Uganda asigaramo ariko hashize umwanya bagarukamo bamubwira ko bagenzi be barimo gukora igerageza ryo kureba ko amafaranga bakura kuri konti z’abantu bari bateganyije kwiba, yashyirwa kuri konti bari bahawe n’abantu batandukanye ndetse bakaba bashobora no kubikuza ayo mafaranga.

Dedan na Erickson na mugenzi wabo bavuye Nyabugogo saa Cyenda z’amanywa, basubira mu kabari i Remera ku Gisimenti, bahura n’itsinda ririmo Robert Kagabo, Seth Kabera na Damaris Njeri, baraganira bisanzwe babwirwa ko bari muri testing ko igikorwa kizakorwa bucyeye bwaho, ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2019.

Uwo mugabo wari inkingi ya mwamba muri iki gikorwa, yabwiye Seth Kabera na Robert Kagabo ko bamuha konti z’abantu babashije kubona kugira ngo na we azimenyeshe Equity Bank.

Icyo gihe bamuhaye izo konti kuri WhatsApp hakoreshejwe, na we azoherereza wa mukozi wa Equity Bank kugira ngo babashe kugenzura izo konti.

Kuri wa munsi bari biyemeje, ni ukuvuga tariki ya 25 Ukwakira 2019, wa mugabo, Dedan na Erickson Macharia bazindukiye i Nyabugogo guhura na rya tsinda ryariyo ngo banoze uburyo bukoreshwa mu kubikuza amafaranga, bamaze kuvugana naryo basubiye i Remera.

Bahise bajya ku Gisimenti bahura n’abandi barimo uwari wayobotse ibyo bikorwa kuri uwo munsi ndetse ni we babanje koherezaho amafaranga.

Bakimara guhabwa amafaranga, uwitwa Erickson [Stevo] yajyanye na Eric Ngabitsinze bajya kuyabikuza bakoresheje ATM, ariko icyuma kiranga basubirayo bidakunze. Nyuma yo gusobanuza, basubiyeyo ariko Stevo abagira inama yo kwegera ahari icyuma kugira ngo birinde ingendo za hato na hato. Bafashe umwanzuro wo kuhava begera icyuma.

Ngabitsinze na Erickson basubiye ku cyuma abandi baguma mu modoka cyane ko n’imvura yagwaga, mu kugaruka bavuyeyo ni bwo basanze bagenzi babo bamaze gufatwa n’abagenzacyaha ariko Ngabitsinze aracika.

Bakimara gufatwa, bavuze ko hari n’irindi tsinda riri Nyabugogo bakorana, abarigize na bo barashakishwa barafatwa.

Abagize iri tsinda bagerageje gukura amafaranga kuri konti z’abakiliya ba Equity Bank bagera kuri 23, ariko izabashije kubikuzwa ni umunani gusa, cyane ko Equity yari yamenye amakuru ya zimwe muri konti bari bushyireho amafaranga ikagenda izigenzura ndetse ikanazifunga. Amafaranga yari amaze kubikuzwa muri ubwo buryo ni 2.944.283 Frw.

Raporo ya Preliminary Forensic Evidence ya Equity Bank igaragaza ko kugira ngo umugambi wo kwiba bawugereho bafunguye icyo bise EmCert ID, application ishyirwa muri mudasobwa cyangwa ikaba ishobora kubafasha kwinjira mu mirongo ya banki itandukanye.

Iyo raporo yagaragaje ko ubwo buryo bwafunguriwe muri Kenya ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2019, buba ariho bugenzurirwa hakoreshejwe telefoni ya Dorcas Nduta Gakupio, uyu akaba ari umugore wa Samuel Wachira Nyuguto uri mu bashinze, akanayobora iri tsinda.

Urubanza rw’ubu bujura rwamaze imyaka ibiri ndetse aba bahamywa ibyaha bitandukanye birimo kugera mu buryo butemewe ku makuru abitse muri mudasobwa cyangwa mu rusobe rwa mudasobwa, kugera ku makuru hagambiriwe gukora icyaha, guhindura amakuru yo muri mudasobwa cyangwa urusobe rwa mudasobwa utabyemerewe no kwinjira mu makuru abitse muri mudasobwa cyangwa mu rusobe rwa mudasobwa.

Nubwo Forkbombo yibukirwa mu mateka, haracyari andi matsinda y’aba-hackers bakomeje kugusha mu bihombo banki n’ibindi bigo. Nka OnNet Africa ni kimwe mu bigo byagaragaje ko byinjiriwe mu bihe bitandukanye.

Abanyamuryango ba Forkbombo batari bagikorana na Reuben Mwangi bahise bashinga “Silent Cards” ndetse mu 2019 yagabye ibitero kuri banki yiba miliyoni Sh400.