Ni urukuta rumanuka imisozi, rukazamuka indi mu mashyamba n’ibihuru biri mu Majyaruguru ashyira Uburengerazuba bw’u Bushinwa. Rwubatswe mu myaka ya kera ubwo Abami ba kera b’u Bushinwa bashakaga kwikingira abanzi babo ngo hatazagira ubatera yinjiriye aho.

Ntiwumve urukuta ngo ukeke ko ari urukuta rusanzwe, ni urukuta koko. Uburebure barwo bubarirwa mu bilometero ibihumbi 20, rukagira ubugari bwa metero ziri hagati ya 4-5 mu gihe uburebure uva hasi kugera hejuru ari metero ziri hagati ya 7-8.

Kurugenda ngo ururangize byo biragoye ukoresheje amaguru, wibuke ko kuva Nyagatare ugera i Rusizi ari ibilometero 350, uru rukuta rwo ni ibilometero ibihumbi 20.

Uburambe bwarwo buyinga ubw’imisozi kuko inzobere mu mateka zivuga ko rwubatswe mu mwaka wa 220 mbere ya Yezu, rukubakwa n’umwami w’abami wa mbere w’u Bushina, Qin Shi Huang. Icyo gihe u Bushinwa ntabwo bwari bwakabaye igihugu kinini nk’uko tukizi ubu, bwari bugizwe n’ibihugu bitandukanye.

Intego yo kubaka urwo rukuta kwari ukwikingira ibitero byashoboraga kugabwa n’ibindi bihugu byari bikikije u Bushinwa, birimo aba-Mongoli mu Majyaruguru.

Ni nayo mpamvu uburyo urwo rukuta rwubatse atari urukuta nk’uko dusanzwe turuzi, ahubwo ni nk’inzira nini yubakishijwe amabuye n’amatafari, hagati hakabamo iminara cyangwa inzu nto abasirikare barinze urukuta babagamo, hakabamo indaki bihishagamo nk’iyo umwanzi yabaga ateye, ibice byabikwagamo ibikoresho bakoresha n’ibindi.

Si urukuta rugiye ku murongo abubwo ni uruhererekane rw’inkuta nyinshi zigiye zihuriye hamwe, rumwe rugaca ku musozi runaka ukwarwo, rukaza kugira aho ruhurira n’urundi ruciye ku wundi musozi ku buryo uri inyuma yarwo atabasha kwinjira imbere mu gihugu mu buryo bumworoheye.

Uru rukuta rwubatswe neza by’umwihariko mu myaka ya 1368 ubwo u Bushinwa bwayoborwaga n’umwami w’abami Zhu Yuanzhang wo mu nzu y’ubwami izwi nka Ming (Ming Dynasty ) yayoboye u Bushinwa igihe kinini. Muri icyo gihe ni nabwo iminara ikigaragara n’ubu iyo usuye uru rukuta.

Mu kinyejana cya 17 ubwo u Bushinwa bwari bwarigaruriye Mongolia, urukuta rwabaye nk’urutagifite akamaro kanini kuko umwanzi batinyaga bari bamaze kumwigarurira, imbaraga nyinshi ntizongera gushyirwa mu kubaka urwo rukuta ahubwo rusigara ari nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubuhangange bw’u Bushinwa.

Amateka avuga ko uru rukutwa rwubatswe n’abacakara, abanyabyaha n’abandi bantu babaga bahanwe n’umwami, bagafashwa n’abasirikare. Hari amakuru anavuga ko hari abagiye bahapfira, icyakora ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku nkengero z’urwo rukuta, nta bimenyetso byabonetse by’ibisigazwa by’abantu baba barahashyinguwe.

Uru rukuta runyura mu duce dutandukanye tw’u Bushinwa cyane cyane mu Burasirazuba bushyira Amajyaruguru, hafi y’Umurwa Mukuru Beijing. Ni urukuta rwashyizwe mu bintu bitangaje birindwi ikiremwamuntu cyabashije kubaka ku Isi (Seven Wonders of the World), guhera mu 1987 rukaba ruri mu Murage w’Isi.

Nibura abantu basaga miliyoni icumi buri mwaka bazamuka kuri urwo rukuta buri mwaka, bikaba kimwe mu bikurura ba mukerarugendo mu Bushinwa.

Ku munyamahanga uri mu Bushinwa by’umwihariko i Beijing, biragoye kuba wabaza umuturage w’u Bushinwa ahantu heza wasura ngo ku rutonde haburemo urwo rukuta rw’agatangaza.

Kubera imyaka ishize rwubatswe, ibice bimwe na bimwe byarwo byarangiritse ku buryo Leta y’u Bushinwa itemerera abakerarugendo kuhasura, ngo bidashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga.

Hari uduce twagiye dutunganywa aho inzira zikigaragara abakerarugendo bemererwa kunyura bakazamuka urwo rukuta, bakihera amaso ubuhangange bw’ubwenge bwa muntu.

Kwinjira ngo usure ni amadolari agera ku icumi. Iyo umaze kwinjira, werekwa inzira zitandukanye aho urukuta runyura, ugahitamo iyo ushaka kwerekezamo bitewe n’aho intege zawe n’amaso byawe bigushimiye.

Ntabwo urukuta aricyo kintu kiryoheye amaso gusa gihari, kuko harimo n’ibiyaga n’imigezi, aho bimwe byagiye bitunganywa bigashyirwamo n’ubwato. Abashaka kubukoresha barishyura, bagatemberezwa.

Hari kandi uduce two gukambikamo turimo amahema, abakerarugendo bashaka kuhamara igihe bemerewe kuraramo bakishyura bitewe n’igihe bzamaramo.

U Bushinwa nk’igihugu kimaze gutera imbere, cyatangije uburyo bwo gutemberezwa urwo rukuta hakoreshejwe utumodoka tugendera ku migozi, aho nk’abadashaka kuzamuka iyo misozi urukuta rwubatsweho bishyura izo modoka zikabibafashamo batavunitse.

Kubera kandi ko nta muntu ushobora kurangiza urwo rukuta mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, hari n’indege zitembereza abantu hejuru yarwo bakaba babasha kurureba barwitegeye.

Nubwo ari kimwe mu birango bya kera bigaragaza ubuhangange bw’u Bushinwa, Abashinwa bo si ko kamaro gusa babona muri urwo rukuta. Bemeza ko ari ikimenyetso cy’imbaraga zabo kuva kera na kare, ubufatanye no kudatezuka mu gihe bafite icyo biyemeje kugeraho.

Abayobozi batandukanye bakomeye ku isi basuye uru rukuta barimo Barrack Obama wahoze ayobora Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Umwamikazi Elisabeth II wahoze ayobora u Bwongereza, George W. Bush wayoboye Amerika, Vladimir Putin uyobora u Burusiya, Nelson Mandela wahoze ayobora Afurika y’Epfo n’abandi.

Buri wese aba yihuta ngo arebe ko yagera mu cya kabiri cy'urukuta, nubwo bisa nk'inzozi kubera uburebure bwarwo

Kubera ko rwubatswe nk'inzira igizwe n'ingazi, guterera umusozi ntabwo bigorana cyane

Nk'aha ku nkengero z'amazi, Guverinoma y'u Bushinwa yagiye ihabungabunga ngo urukuta rudakomeza kwangirika

Uru rukuta ruca hejuru y'imigezi, rugafata imisozi n'imisozi

Uhahurira n'ababyeyi bazanye abana babo, kubatembereza ibyo byiza bibumbatiye amateka y'ikiremwamuntu yo mu myaka 2500 ishize

Uru rukuta runyura mu duce dutandukanye

Uru rukuta rugiye rugizwe n'ingazi (escaliers) zifasha abarunyuraho kugenda nta kibazo. Byose byubakanywe narwo mu myaka ya 220 mbere ya Yezu

Mbere yo kwinjira mu cyanya kirimo Great Wall of China, unyura ku ruhererakane rw'imisozi ari nayo yafashije abami ba kera b'u Bushinwa kwirinda ibitero by'abanyamahanga

Uduce duturiye Great Wall of China uvuye mu murwa mukuru Beijing, ntabwo dutuwe cyane icyakora uhasanga ibikorwa bitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, ubworozi n'ibigo by'ubushakashatsi

Ku marembo aho abakerarugendo binjirira, urujya n'uruza ruba ari rwinshi

Iyo urebera kure, uru rukuta wakeka ko ari nk'inzoka y'imitwe myinshi yigoronzora mu misozi mu Majyaruguru ashyira Uburengerazuba bw'u Bushinwa

Kuzamuka uru rukuta bisaba kwitwaza impamba n'amazi menshi. Mu nzira uhura n'abakerarugendo benshi barushye, bari kwica isari cyangwa inyota ngo bakomeze

Nubwo izi nyubako zimaze imyaka 2500, izigikanyakanya zibungabunzwe neza

Uretse urukuta, uwasuye aka gace abasha kwirebera ubwiza bw'imisozi n'ibikombe runyuramo

Hejuru muri uyu munara niho ingabo zabaga zicungira, mu gihe hasi yawo hagiye habamo indaki babaga bashobora kwihishamo

Imisozi ikikije uru rukuta ibungabunzwe neza ndetse ni igice cyashyizwe mu byanya bikomye no mu murage w'Isi

Uru rukuta ruzengurutse ibice bitandukanye by'Amajyaruguru ashyira Uburasirazuba bw'u Bushinwa

Hafi ya Great Wall of China hari uduce twagiye dutegurwa, hagashyirwa amahema n'ibindi bifasha abashaka kuhamara igihe bareba ubuhangange bw'urwo rukuta n'ibyiza nyaburanga birukikije

Muri iki kiyaga gito harimo ubwato abakerarugendo bifashisha batembera

Hejuru y'iki kiyaga gito, Leta y'u Bushinwa yahubatse ikiraro cy'ibirahure kiryoshya amafoto ku bahatembereye

Abakerarugendo baba basiganwa ngo barebe ko bagera hejuru ku gasongero kuko guheza urukuta byo ntibishoboka kubera uburebure bwarwo

Ni urukuta rwubakishijwe amatafari akomeye n'amabuye, ibintu bigaragaza ubuhanga abarwubatse bari bafite mu bijyanye n'ubwubatsi n'ubwo byabaye mu myaka 2500 ishize

Imbere mu munara ni uku hameze, harimo inzira zihuza igice kimwe cy'urukuta n'ikindi gikomeza

Iyi nyubako iri hejuru, ni umunara ufatanye n'urukuta. Uru rukuta rugizwe n'iminara myinshi yifashishwaga n'ingabo z'u Bushinwa bwa kera, zicunga ko hari umwanzi wabatera

Imigezi itandukanye ica mu bibaya bikikije Great Wall of China

Mu duce twemerewe kugeramo abakerarugendo, harimo ibyapa bibafasha kumenya amateka ya buri gice basuye

Hagati mu misozi no mu bibaya binyuramo Great Wall of China, hagiye hubakwamo uduce abakerarugendo baruhukiramo ndetse n'aho bashobora gufatira amafunguro

Mu nkengero z'urwo rukuta hari ibyiza nyaburanga nk'ibiyaga n'amabuye by'ubwoko butandukanye

Uru rukuta rugenda ruzamuka, rumanuka imisozi n'ibibaya ku buryo nta muntu ushobora kurugenda ngo aruheze

N'iyo witegereje n'amaso, uru rukuta biragoye kuruheza

Aha ni ku gasongero k'umusozi aho urukuta rumwe ruhuriye n'urundi bigakomeza, hashyizwe ibendera ry'u Bushinwa. Abakerarugendo benshi baharanira kuhagera

Ikarita igaragaza ahanyura Great Wall of China

Amafoto ya IGIHE: Maniraguha Ferdinand & Iradukunda Serge i Beijing