Kigali, umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, imaze imyaka 105 ibayeho iniswe umurwa, kuko yashinzwe n’umukoloni wa mbere wageze mu Rwanda ari gushakisha isoko y’ uruzi rwa Nile, Umudage, Richard Kandt. Uyu mukoloni yaje muri Afurika mu myaka y’1897 n’1906, ari gukora ubushakashatsi mu bice bya Afurika y’uburasirazuba. Kuri ubu Kigali ibarwa muri imwe mu mijyi ifite isuku n’umutekano bihambaye muri Afurika

Wifuza kureba uko Kigali Nyarugenge hasa kuri ubu kanda hano

Inyubako ya Pension Plaza isumba izindi, hamwe n'iziyikikije zirimo Centenary House, UTC, ECOBANK ndetse n'indi nshya ikiri kubakwa ahahoze iposta kera

Wifuza kureba kigali uko isa mu ijoro kanda hano

Amateka ya Kigali mu bukoloni bw’Abadage n’Ababiligi

Mu 1908, icyari Nyarugende icyo gihe cyahindutse Kigali, kuko Richard Kandt yasabye umwami Yuhi V Musinga ko umurwa Mukuru w’u Rwanda waba i Kigali, aho kuba i Nyanza, asobanura uburyo Kigali ari nziza kuko yari iri hagati y’imisozi itatu; uwa Jali, uwa Kigali n’uwa Rebero.

Gusa hariho n’ibindi bivugwa mu baturage basanzwe b’abanyakamonyi bajyaga bavuga ko ku bw’abadage ngo bari bafite umugambi wo gutunganya Kamonyi ikaba ariyo yari bube Umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, ku buryo hari n’abavuga hari hanashyizweho ibuye ry’ifatizo. Gusa ibi byo bikunze kuvugwa na bamwe mu bakuze cyane bavuka Kamonyi, nyamara ntaho bigaragazwa na hamwe mu nyandiko zizwi z’amateka.

Kigali, umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, iherereye mu gihugu hagati. Mbere mu mavuka yawo wari muto, kuri ubu ugenda waguka cyane ku buryo umaze kurenga zimwe muri za mbibi wari watekerejwemo na Richard Khandt.

Mu 1885, abatware b’ibihugu by’Iburayi, bahuriye i Berlin muri Prusse y’icyo gihe yaje kuba u Budage, bigabanya Afurika mu kuyikoloniza. U Rwanda, u Burundi na Tanzania bihabwa u Budage buba aribwo bubikoroniza.

Nyuma yaho, mu 1907 hashyizweho uhagarariye abakoloni muri Kigali mu Murenge wa Muhima, ahazwi nko mu Cyahafi.

Mu 1909 hubatswe amazu y’ubucuruzi asaga makumyabiri (20), Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’urubuga rw’umujyi wa Kigali (http://www.kigalicity.gov.rw/spip.php?article466) ariyo yaje kuba inyubako za mbere zigize icyari umujyi.

Uyu Mujyi wagiye urushaho gukura, uko imyaka yagiye ihita indi igataha, ukorerwamo ubucuruzi bwakorwaga n’Abarabu, Abahinde, hamwe n’Abagereki, kuko hari n’umugereki wari ufite inzu y’ubucuruzi yahahirwagamo n’abanyamahanga b’abera, hamwe n’abakoloni bakomeye bakoronizaga Afurika mu 1911.

Mu Ntambara ya mbere y’Isi yose, Ababiligi baje gutsinda Abadage, maze mu 1916, Ababiligi bari birukanye abadage bahita bahabwa u Rwanda nk’indagizanyo n’umuryango w’ibihugu wariho icyo gihe Societe des Nations (SDN).

Ababiligi baje kugumana Kigali, ariko bo bahitamo kwiyegereza ubwami, maze umurwa urongera wimurirwa i Nyanza, nyuma mu 1921 barongera bawugarura i Kigali, iba umurwa w’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda gusa, ariko umurwa mukuru wa koloni ya Rwanda-Urundi ijyanwa Bujumbura mu Burundi.

Kigali uryirebeye kuva i Remera kuri Sitade Amahoro ukarengana Kimihururura yose

Kigali mu gihe cy’ubwigenge

Kigali mu gihe cyo kubona ubwigenge yabaye umurwa mukuru, w’u Rwanda, ariko ntiyatera imbere bikomeye.

Mu 1962, Kigali yari ku buso bwa Kilometero kare eshatu (km2 3) gusa, nyuma yakomeje gukura igera kuri km2 370 n’abaturage bagera ku bihumbi 900 000 mu mwaka wa 2007, mu gihe imbago zose z’Umujyi wa Kigali zari km2 731.

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, Umujyi wa Kigali wakomeje gutera imbere mu bikorwa remezo, nubwo wanakomezaga kugenda uhangana n’ingaruka za Jenoside no gusana ibyangijwe n’intambara yo kubohora igihugu kuva mu 1990 kugeza mu 1994, kugeza aho kigali yaje kuza mu mijyi ya mbere muri Afurika mu kurangwa n’isuku n’umutekano.

Si isuku gusa kuko n’inyubako nziza zigezweho ziyongereye, inzu z’ubucuruzi, amasoko, imihanda ya kaburimbo iragurwa, indi mishya irahangwa, amagorofa n’amashuri atandukanye guhera mu mashuri y’incuke kugeza ku Makuru na za Kaminuza, bikarushaho kwiyongera.

Kuri ubu, umujyi wa Kigali, ugenda ukura, unongera ibikorwa birimo inganda n’ishoramari nabyo byariyongereye, kandi biri mu cyerecyezo cyiza nk’uko bigaragazwa n’igishushanyo mbonera cy’umujyi wa Kigali, kivugwa ko kigomba kuba cyamaze gushyirwa mu ngiro mu mwaka wa 2050.

Iki gishushanyo kigaragaza imiterere y’imihanda n’inyubako mu mujyi wa Kigali w’icyo gihe kizaza, ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa remezo.

Bimwe muri ibyo bikorwa bigaragazwa mu gishushanyo mbonera, byatangiye kugenda byubakwa, kuburyo ibimaze kuba bihari ubu, usanga biha isura nziza umujyi wa Kigali, ukaba unagenda ushimwa n’abawugenderera bakawusura barimo ba mukerarugendo baturuka imihanda yose ku Isi, ndetse n’abaturanyi mu bihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda, bakaba bashima ibyiza bigenda bigerwaho n’u Rwanda.

Kigali kuri ubu imaze imyaka 105 igizwe umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, ndetse wabyita ko ibaye Kigali koko, kuko mbere yari Nyarugende kugeza mu 1908, Kigali risanzwe ari izina ry’umusozi wa Kigali gusa.

Mu mateka, bivugwa ko uyu musozi wa Kigali nawo wahawe izina «Kigali» n’umwami Cyirima Rujugiro, wahagaze kuri uyu musozi ubwo yari arimo kurambagira impugu ya Bwanacyambwe, akitegera imisozi n’ibibaya bimuri imbere, maze arangije ati: «Iki gihugu ni Kigali» kuva ubwo na magingo aya uwo musozi uhita witwa Kigali.

Kigali kugeza ubu ituwe n’abaturage basaga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana abiri (1, 200,000) mu turere dutatu tuyigize, twa; Nyarugenge, Gasabo na Kicukiiro.

Umujyi wa Kigali ugizwe n’umujyi ku kigero cya 70%, n’igice cy’icyaro ku kigero cya 30%.

Kigali ifite imirenge 35 yose hamwe, 15 mu karere ka Gasabo, 10 mu karere ka Nyarugenge, n’indi 10 y’akarere ka Kicukiro.

Umuhanda w'ahazwi nko kuri Payage hepfo ya Sainte Famille ugana Sopetrade yitwaga SOPECYA kera ni uku hasigaye hasa

Richard Kandt, Umudage wa mbere waje mu rwanda yishakira isoko ya Nile akaza no kuba Rezida wa koloni y'Abadage atuye ku Muhima aho yahanze umurwa wa Kigali

Amwe mu mateka y’Umudage Richard Kandt wahanze umurwa wa Kigali

Kuri ubu, inzu Kandt yabagamo ku Muhima, yahinduwe Ingoro Ndangamurage ya Muhima, isobanura amateka kamere y’u Rwanda mu gihe cy’abakoloni, n’amateka amusobanura we ubwe (Ricahrd Kandt) nuko yabashije gushyinga Kigali.

Iyi nzu niyo yo mu buryo bugezweho, ya mbere yubatswe mu Rwanda ku bw’abakoloni, iba ingoro ye ubwo yari ayoboye Kigali kuko ari nawe wayishinze nk’umurwa ategekeramo.

Kuri ubu, Iyi nyubako yubatswe bwa mbere na Kandt, irimo intebe yicaragaho yandika, ameza yandikiragaho, igitabo yanditse cy’ukuntu yabonye isoko ya Nile mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe, amapine y’imodoka ye n’ayimodoka zabayeho mu gihe cy’intambara ya mbere y’Isi yose [intambara yanabayemo umuganga avura ingabo z’abadage zakomerekeye mu rugamba].

Richard Kandt, umukoloni washinze Kigali, yanavumbuye isoko ya Nile mu 1898, mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe ribyara Nyabarongo, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’urubuga rwa wikipedia.

Mu ngoro Ndangamurage yamwitiriwe i Kigali ku Muhima, IGIHE ihasura yasanze amateka ye agaragaza ko ku ya 15 Ugushyingo 1907, aribwo Kandt yabaye Rezida (Résident) wa mbere w’u Rwanda. Ku ya 10.9.1908, hatangira kubakwa ibiro bye byo gukoreramo i Nyarugenge ari nayo yari inzu ye y’ubuturo.

Mu gikari h'inzu ya Richard Kandt ibarwa nk'inzu ya mbere igezweho yubatswe muri Kigali n'ubu ikba ikiriho nyuma y'imyaka 100

Ahigeze kuba isoko ryo mu mujyi rya kera kuri ubu ni iyi nyubako iharangwa ariyo ikorerwamo imirimo y'isoko yose n'indi irenzeho

Iyi ni inyubako nshya irangwa ahahoze Joban Motor yacuruzaga za Daewoo mu mujyi rwagati hafi y'icyahoze ari Electrogaz (EWSA)

Iyi ni inyubako izwi nko kwa Rubangura iherereye rwagati mu mujyi wa Kigali i Nyarugenge iruhande rw'ahahaze Gare yo mu mujyi i Rugenge

Inyubako ya Kigali City tower (KCT) iherereye ahahoze Gare Routière mu mujyi iyo uyireba uhagaze kuri Rond Point yo mu mujyi

Iyi niyo nyubako ikoreramo ikigo cy'igihugu cy'iterambere RDB iherereye ku Gishushu ku muhanda ugana Nyarutarama na Kinyinya iruhande rw'Inteko Ishinga amategeko ahahoze hitwa CND

Iyi ni inyubako ikoreramo ibiro by'akarere ka Kicukiro iherereye Kicukiro Centre

Igiishushanyo mbonera cya Kigali kigaragaza ahazazaha Kigali

Imwe mu ishusho yifurizwa Kigali mu gishushanyo mbonera cyakozwe kigaragaza Kigali

Iki gishushanyo cy'ingagi kiri muri rond point y'ahahoze Igisahane imbere ya BCR inyubako ikiri hirya ni ibiro by'umujyi wa Kigali biherereye ahahoze perezidansi ya kera

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Foto: -Faustin Nkurunzinza
-Illume Creative Studio
-Tim Kis