Raporo ya UNESCO yo mu 2022 ku mashyamba y’ahantu ndangamurage igaragaza ko 60% by’amashyamba y’ahantu hari ku rutonde rw’umurage w’isi yugarijwe n’ibikorwa byerekeye imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Ibihugu 167 byo ku migabane yose bifite ahantu ndangamurage habyo 1.154 byamaze kwandikisha ku rutonde rw’umurage w’Isi. Muri aho hantu hari amashyamba afashwe neza n’ibindi bimenyetso ndangamateka bya « monuments » bimaze igihe kinini.

Mu Rwanda hari ibiti birinzwe n’itegeko ariko bikomeje kwangizwa

Hirya no hino mu Rwanda hari ibiti bimaze imyaka myinshi cyane byatewe ku mpamvu zizwi mu mateka y’Igihugu. Ibyo ni nk’imivumu dusanga ku misozi itandukanye twagereranya nka « monuments ». Nubwo ahenshi abaturage bagiye babirinda kubera gutinya imihango yaba yarabikoreweho kera, hari aho usanga byagiye byangizwa kubera ibikorwa bya muntu.

Mu rwego rwo kubisigasira, hashyizweho amategeko abirengera. Urugero, hari Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 007/2008 ryo kuwa 15/08/2008 rishyiraho urutonde rw’ubwoko bw’inyamaswa n’ibimera birinzwe. Muri ibyo bimera ikiza ku ikubitiro ni igiti cy’umuvumu (Ficus thonningii).

Ibi ni byiza cyane kuko umuvumu uvuze byinshi ku Munyarwanda w’iki gihe no mu gihe gishize tutaretse no mu kizaza. Abazi iby’imigenzo ya kera, bazi ko umuvumu wakoreshwaga mu mihango itandukanye ibwami. Mu bwubatsi, umuvumu wubakaga inkike z’urugo rwa kinyarwanda n’ibikingi by’amarembo.

Mu myambarire, umuvumu wavagamo impuzu. Mu bwikorezi bw’abantu n’ibintu umuvumu wakorwagamo ubwato bufasha kwambuka uruzi cyangwa ikiyaga. Mu byerekeye uruganda rw’ibinyobwa, umuvumu wakorwagamo umuvure bengamo urwagwa. Aho borora umuvumu ukavamo umuvure wifashishwa iyo inka zishotse. Mu byerekeye amata n’ifunguro umuvumu bawukoragamo imbehe n’ibyansi. Mu byerekeye ubwiza ibibabi by’umuvumu babikoragamo umubavu n’ibindi n’ibindi.

Kuba umuvumu urinzwe n’itegeko bivuze ko udashobora kurimburwa cyangwa gutemwa, keretse hari uruhushya rutanzwe n’inzego zibishinzwe. Ingingo ya 4 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri ryavuzwe haruguru igira iti: “Ibimera biri ku mugereka wa kabiri ntibishobora kurimburwa cyangwa gutemwa keretse hari uruhushya rutangwa n’inzego zibishinzwe.”

Mperutse kugera mu misozi ya Gasabo, abantu bakuru banyereka igiti gikuze cyane cyaba kimaze imyaka isaga 300 kuko bemeza ko cyatewe ku ngoma y’umwami Cyilima II Rujugira watwaye ahagana 1675-1708. Icyo giti kinini cy’umuvumu cyiswe “Igiti cy’icubya” (ricubya abanzi b’u Rwanda), nyuma y’aho uwo mwami atsinze ibihugu byari bimwugarije akahavugira ijambo naryo ryamamaye agira ati: “U Rwanda ruratera ntiruterwa”, nko kwihanangiriza uwo ari we wese wakwibwira ko ashobora gushotora Urwa Gasabo.

Uretse umuvumu, Iteka rya Minisitiri twavuze haruguru ririmo ibindi bimera nk’Umwumba, Umwasa, Icyufe, Umugote, Umuko, Umusebeya, Umushwati n’ibindi.

Ahandi bimeze bite?

Hari ibihugu nagezemo nsanga hari ibiti nabo bitaho by’umwihariko bizwi mu mateka yaho kandi ugasanga bifatwa n’ikirango. Kubiteza imbere bikabagirira inyungu mu kurwanya ibyo bibazo by’imihindagurikire y’ibihe. Urugero mu bihugu bya Afurika y’Iburengerazuba, birimo n’ubutayu bita cyane ku giti cya Baobab.

Muri Amerika ya ruguru, igiti cya Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantean, cyitiwe Andrew Carnegie kubera ubwitange bwe mu kukibungabunga) kirinzwe bidasanzwe. Kukirandura cyangwa kugitema bisaba uruhushya rw’inzego zibifitiye ububasha kabone naho baba bagiye gucisha umuhanda cyangwa kubaka inzu aho giteye.

Iki giti kirabungabunzwe ku buryo hari za pariki cyitiriwe kandi kikahiganza, yewe kikaba cyarashyizwe ku rwego rw’ikirango ndangamurage (National Munument) muri Leta ya Arizona guhera muri 1933; kikajya no ku rwego rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ubwo Perezida wa 35 John F.Kennedy yabitangazaga mu Iteka yaciye muri 1961.

Urugero rw’aho byakozwe neza rwafasha kurinda kurushaho ibimera cyane cyane ibiti bifite icyo bivuze ku Munyarwanda, bigasakazwa hirya no hino kugira ngo bitazacika bigasigara ari umugani. Byafasha gukomeza guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ari nako habungabungwa ibiri ahantu ndangamurage ku misozi myiza y’u Rwanda.

Umuvumu uherereye kuri Mt Kigali/Ifoto yafashwe na Steven Mutangana

Umuvumu wangijwe uherereye i Nyamasheke ku bigabiro by'Umwami Kigeli Rwabugili