Muri iyi nyandiko, mbere yo kugira ikindi tuganiraho, twabanza gusobanura ko iyi nyito “Igihugu-mubyeyi”, tubishyize mu ndimi z’amahanga, dushaka kuvuga “Etat-Nation” (State-Nation), cyangwa se, umuntu arebeye mu nguni zinyuranye, bikaba “Pays-Nation”.

Nk’uko tubizi kandi tubibona mu buzima bw’abantu, kugira ngo umuntu avuke, hagomba kubaho inkunga, cyangwa ubufatanye bw’umugabo n’umugore. Ni muri urwo rwego nabwo igihugu, mu mibereho y’abo cyabyaye, bashobora kukibona nk’umubyeyi w’umugabo (data), cyangwa umubyeyi w’umugore (mama).

Mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa, igihugu kitubyara dushobora kucyita “patrie” (biva ku ijambo ry’ikilatini “pater” risobanura “père”), cyangwa tukacyita “nation” (biva ku nshinga y’ikilatini “nascere”, ivuga “kuvuka”, kandi tukibuka uruhare rukomeye umugore abigiramo).

Abantu rero iyo bavukana, baba bahuje ababyeyi kandi nyine ubwo baba ari abavandimwe. Ku gihugu nacyo niko bimeze. Iyo igihugu cyacu tugifata nk’umubyeyi, biba bivuze ko abagihuriyeho bose baba ari abavandimwe. Ubwo buvandimwe ariko bukagomba guhora bugira ibibusigasira kugira ngo bukomere kandi buhoreho.

Twibuke ko Abanyarwanda tuvuga ngo “uburere buruta ubuvuke”. Mu yandi magambo, umuntu yakumva ko kuba abantu bavuka hamwe bidahagije ubwabyo, ahubwo hagomba kubaho n’uburere ndangagihugu bumwe, cyane ko ahanini ari naho bakomora indangagaciro z’ingenzi bahuriraho.

Uburere iyo bubaye bwiza, twavuga muri rusange ko ibintu bigenda neza, ariko nabwo bwaba bubi bikagenda nabi.

Ishingiro ry’ubuvandimwe bw’Abanyarwanda

Abahanga mu mateka n’imibereho y’u Rwanda, bemeza ko guhera ku bwami bwa Ruganzu I Bwimba (1312-1345) kugeza ku gihe cy’ubwami bwa Kigeli IV Rwabugiri (1853-1895), u Rwanda rwari igihugu-mubyeyi w’Abanyarwanda bose. Umuco umwe, imyemerere imwe, imihango n’imigenzo yabahuzaga bose, ntawe uhejwe bishingiye ku mibereho ye n’imirimo akora yabaga imutunze, byatumaga Abanyarwanda bibona kandi bifata nk’abavandimwe. Bari bamwe kandi bahujwe n’indangagaciro z’ingenzi nyinshi.

Iyo u Rwanda rwagabaga ibitero byo kurwagura, cyangwa se iyo rwaterwaga, Abanyarwanda bose bireba bahurizaga hamwe imbaraga ngo barengere igihugu, umubyeyi wabo bose. Ibi birerekana ko n’ubwo umuntu ku giti cye yashoboraga kuba hari icyo atandukaniyeho n’undi, nk’uko bimeze n’ubu kandi n’ahandi, nta Munyarwanda wumvaga ko arusha undi ubunyarwanda mu gihugu cye kandi yiyumvagamo akanacyibonamo, mbese nk’uko umwana wese yibona mu muryango we avukamo.

Nyuma y’aho u Rwanda narwo rwatangiye kuvogerwa n’abanyamahanga b’abakoloni. N’ubwo bwose ubwami butahise buvaho icyo gihe, ariko u Rwanda rwagiye rutakaza ubusugire n’ubwigenge bwarwo.

U Rwanda ni umubyeyi wa benshi
Ku bazi neza uko ibihugu by’ ubu by’Afurika byaremwe kandi bigahabwa imipaka n’abanyamahanga babyigaruriye, n’ubwo bwose kubera impamvu zinyuranye Abanyafurika bakomeje kuyigenderaho na nyuma y’ubukoloni, uko igihugu cy’u Rwanda kingana ubu siko cyanganaga mu gihe cya mbere y’ubukoloni. Hari abari abaturage benshi b’u Rwanda rwa mbere y’ubukoloni bisanze nyuma y’imipaka u Rwanda rugenderaho kugeza ubu.

Mu bihugu binyuranye by’ubu bituranye n’u Rwanda hari abaturage babyo ariko bafite inkomoko mu Rwanda rwa mbere y’ubukoloni, bamwe bikaba byanababera intandaro yo kwitwa abanyamahanga mu bihugu byabo, ahanini kubera ubuyobozi bubi buba buharangwa. Byumvikane neza ko ibihugu tubona ubu ahenshi muri Afurika byaremwe hatitawe ku miterere y’ubwami (royaumes) yariho mbere ndetse n’abari bahatuye.

Kubera ko u Rwanda rw’ubu, nk’umubyeyi wese nyakuri, rudashobora gutererana cyangwa ngo rwihakane abarukomokaho, rwemera ko ababishaka bose bashobora guhabwa ubwenegihugu.

Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubukika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015, mu ngingo yaryo ya 25 hari aho rigira riti:“ Abantu bose bakomoka mu Rwanda n’ababakomokaho bafite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa ubwenegihugu bw’u Rwanda, iyo babisabye”.

Dr. Gasana Sébastien, Umwarimu n’Umushakashatsi
UTAB (University of Technology and Arts of Byumba)