Abacengezi bagabaga ibitero ku Rwanda ni abasize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi biganjemo abari abasirikare mu ngabo zatsinzwe bifuzaga kurangiza umugambi mubisha bari baratangiye.

Ku wa 18 Werurwe 1997, abacengezi bateye Ikigo cy’Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Nyange aho basabye abanyeshuri bahigaga kwitandukanya, Abahutu bakajya ukwabo n’Abatutsi ukwabo.

Abanyeshuri banze kwemera kwitandukanya nk’uko babisabwaga maze abacengezi bicamo abanyeshuri barindwi, abandi 40 bararokoka ariko muri abo barindwi barakomerekejwe.

Aba bana 47 bigaga i Nyange bashyizwe mu ntwari z’igihugu zo mu cyiciro cy’Intwari z’Imena ku wa 12 Nzeri 2001, igihe Intwari z’igihugu zatangazwaga bwa mbere.

Ubuzima mbere y’igitero cy’Abacengezi

Ubundi Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Nyange ribarizwa mu yahoze ari Komini ya Kivumu, Superefegitura ya Birambo, Perefegitura ya Kibuye, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyange, Akarere ka Ngororero, Intara y’Iburengerazuba.

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, mu 1995, ubwo ibikorwa bitandukanye birimo amashuri byatangiraga kongera gukora, iri shuri ryatangiranye n’abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere w’ayisumbuye ndetse n’uwa kane [aba bigaga Normale Primaire].

IGIHE yaganiriye na Sindayiheba Phanuel w’imyaka 44, uvuka mu Murenge wa Giheke, Akarere ka Rusizi, umwe bize kuri iri shuri ku ikubitiro ubwo hari mu 1995, ndetse ubwo igitero cy’Abacengezi cyo ku wa 18 Werurwe 1997, cyabaga yari umunyeshuri mu mwaka wa Gatandatu.

I Nyange ni hamwe mu hantu hakorewe Jenoside mu buryo bw’indengakamere kubera ko uretse kwica Abatutsi, uwari Burugumesitiri wa Kivumu, uwari Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi Nyange, ndetse n’Umuyobozi wa Polisi muri Komini Kivumu bategetse ko Abatutsi bicirwa mu Kiliziya.

Abaharokokeye bavuga ko Abatutsi bari muri iyo Kiliziya bikingiranye bagerageza kwirwanaho noneho abo bayobozi bahamagaza imodoka ihinga imihanda iva i Gitarama yifashishwa mu kuyihirika igwa ku Batutsi bari bayirimo.

Sindayiheba avuga ko mu gihe batangiraga amashuri byari ibihe bikomeye kuko imibiri y’abiciwe muri iyo kiliziya yari igihari itaranashyingurwa mu cyubahiro neza, ikindi wasangaga mu ishuri harimo ibyiciro bitatu by’abanyeshuri.

Icyiciro cy’abarokotse Jenoside bagifite ibikomere ku mutima no ku mubiri, icy’abafite ababyeyi babo bafungiye gukora Jenoside na bo babaga bafite urwicyekwe ndetse n’icy’abana b’Abanyarwanda bavuye mu mahanga nyuma yo gutahuka mu gihugu.

Ati “Byari bigoye guhuriza hamwe abo bana kugira ngo bagire ijwi rimwe cyangwa bagire icyerekezo kimwe. Kuri ibyo byose hakiyongera ho i Ngororero hari hegeranye n’Intara y’Amajyaruguru n’igice cy’Uburengerazuba, muri iyo myaka yari yugarijwe n’ibitero by’Abacengezi bateraga bavuye muri RDC bateraga bihishahisha mu mashyamba.”

Yakomeje agira ati “Uko ni ko twageze i Nyange hameze, mu kuhagera twahasanze ubuyobozi bw’ishuri, inzego z’umutekano n’inzego z’ibanze. Ubwo ni bwo buryo twabayemo i Nyange kugeza mu ijoro ryo ku wa 18 Werurwe.”

Ishuri rya Nyange kugeza muri Werurwe 1997 ryari rifite ibyiciro by’abanyeshuri biga bataha [aba bari batuye hafi aho] ndetse n’abandi bacumbikirwaga mu kigo. Bose hamwe kuva mu wa mbere kugeza mu wa Gatandatu bageraga muri 350.

Sindayiheba avuga ko mu gitero cyo ku wa 18 Werurwe, aribwo bwa mbere bari babonye abacengezi kubera ko n’ubwo bari basanzwe bagaba ibitero mu bice byegeranye, bo bumvaga amasasu avugira kure ntagere kuri iryo shuri ryabo.

Uko byari bimeze muri rya joro….

Wari umugoroba usanzwe nk’indi yose! Abanyeshuri bava mu cyumba bariragamo [Refectoire], nk’uko byari bisanzwe abayobozi bashinzwe imyitwarire banyura mu banyeshuri bose bababwira bati mujye gusubiramo amasomo [Etude].

Ingengabihe yagenderwagaho icyo giye yari ibihembwe bibiri [trimestre] mu mwaka, icyo gihe abanyeshuri bari mu gihembwe cya mbere.

Sindayiheba ati “Muri iryo joro, byari ahagana saa Mbili z’umugoroba, twari tugiye muri etude twitegura igeragezwa mu isomo ryitwaga Psychologie, hanyuma dutangira twumva urusaku rw’amasasu twumva bisa nk’ibivugira kure, ariko tukabifata nk’ibisanzwe kuko twari tubimenyereye.”

“Kubera ko n’iyo byabagaho byabereye nko ku dusozi tw’aho bitaga Ndaro, bwaracyaga abasirikare ba RDF bakaza kuduhumuriza bakatubwira bati ni abacengezi bari baje kwiba no gusahura inka, twabamenesheje bagiye.”

Muri kiriya gihe, i Nyange nta muhanda ujyayo wari uhari, amashanyarazi byari ugukoresha moteri itanga umuriro ugasanga bacanye itara rimwe ryo mu ishuri ku buryo hanze habaga ari umwijima.

Ishuri ryigagamo abo mu mwaka wa Gatandatu [ryigagamo abanyeshuri 24 ariko bari 18 kuko bamwe bigaga bataha], ryari ryitaruye andi ariko ryegeranye n’ahakoreraga ubuyobozi bw’ishuri ku buryo ubwo abacengezi binjiraga muri iryo shuri abari mu yandi mashuri batigeze bamenya ko hari icyabaye.

Sindayiheba nk’umuntu wari ufite hafi imyaka 20 muri icyo gihe avuga ko “Mbona mu ishuri ryacu hinjiye abantu batatu bambaye imyenda y’igisirikare, bariya basirikare bari ab’ingabo za Habyarimana, ugasanga hejuru yambaye igikoti cya gisirikare hasi bambaye ipantalo y’ikoboyi.”

Yakomeje agira ati “Icyo bari bahuriyeho ni uko bari bafite imbunda kandi bigaragara ko harimo n’amasasu ahagije. Mu kwinjira rero, bafunguye urugi [hari uwari mukuru muri bo afite n’inkota], wa wundi wari mukuru muri bo ahita atubaza niba tumuzi, akoresha Igifaransa ariko kitari na cyiza cyane ati ‘Est que vous me connais?, nuko natwe turahakana duti oya. Ati ‘Vous aller me voir’, bivuze ngo ‘Mugiye kumbona.’”

Muri ako kanya abanyeshuri bose bari bamaze kurambarara hasi abenshi bihishe munsi y’intebe, ubwoba bwabatashye abari basigaye babasha kuvuga cyangwa kwikiriza ibyavugwaga n’aba bacengezi bari mbarwa.

Sindayiheba avuga ko uwo mucengezi yahise ababwira ngo nibamworohereza akazi nta kibazo bagira. Icyo gihe buri wese yibazaga ikiri bukurikireho.

Ati “Hanyuma yerekana uruhande rw’ibumoso ati Abatutsi mujye hariya, yerekana iburyo ati Abahuti mujye hariya. Ako kanya habayeho umwanya nakwita nk’umunota wo gutuza, hashize akanya umukobwa witwaga Mujawamahoro Chantal [Aruhukire mu mahoro], aravuga ngo ‘Nta Muhutu uri hano nta n’Umututsi uri hano, twese turi Abanyarwanda’.”

Byumvikane neza, amateka mabi y’ivanguramoko ryazanywe n’ubutegetsi bwateguye bukanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abanyeshuri bari bayazi kuko bari bafite imyaka ibarirwa muri 17-22. Ni ukuvuga ngo buri wese yari azi ubwoko bwe hagendewe ku moko yakoreshwaga ku butegetsi bwa mbere ya Jenoside.

Sindayiheba ni umwe mu barokotse igitero cy'Abacengezi cyo ku wa 18 Werurwe 1997, amasasu na grenade yatewe mu rutugu byamusigiye ubumuga

Sindayiheba avuga ko abantu bose babaye nk’abatunguwe na Mujawamahoro wahise ababimburira akavuga ko nta Muhutu cyangwa Umututsi uhari.

Ati “Mu mutima wanjye narimo nibaza nti ese ninde uraza kwigaragaza ko ari Umuhutu cyangwa Umututsi… Abacengezi baratunguwe cyane bategereza ko hagira uhaguruka bamubura barangije barasohoka batera gerenade ebyiri mu ishuri ryacu bazinyujije mu idirishya ry’ahantu nicaraga.”

Yakomeje agira ati “Iya mbere yakomerekeje Urimubenshi Emmanuel, Nkunduwera Angelique n’abandi. Iya kabiri ninjye yaguye mu mugongo irankomeretsa, undi wari hirya yanjye witwa Bavakure Cesar, Mukanyangezi Dative n’abandi bagenda bakomeretswa n’ibishashi byazo.”

Avuga ko nyuma yo gutera izo gerenade mu ishuri, abacengezi bongeye baragaruka basubiramo ya magambo ya mbere y’uko Abahutu bajya uruhande rumwe n’Abatutsi bakajya mu rundi.

Kuri iyo nshuro noneho, uwitwa Bizimana Sylvestre yahise abasubiza ati “Erega twababwiye ko nta Muhutu uri hano nta n’Umututsi. Twese turi Abanyarwanda.”

Bizimana yamaze kuvuga ayo magambo bahita bamurasa amasasu menshi mu mpyiko [ntabwo yahise apfa ako kanya ahubwo yaje kugwa ku bitaro i Kabgayi], barasa uwitwa Mujawamahoro Chantal, Mukambaraga Béatrice n’abandi bose, abacengezi bagenda babarasa umwe kuri umwe.

Sindayiheba we avuga ko bamugezeho yamaze kunanirwa kubera gutwikwa na gerenade noneho bamurasa amasasu menshi mu rutugu rw’ibumoso [ubu afite ubumuga], ariko ntabwo yapfuye.

Abo bacengezi bamaze kubona ko abanyeshuri bose bo mu wa Gatandatu bameze nk’abapfuye [hari harimo abapfuye, abandi barashwe bagwa igihumure], bahise basohoka bajya mu ishuri ryo mu mwaka wa Gatanu.

Bageze muri iryo shuri naho bakora nk’ibyo bakoze mu wa Gatandatu, ariko abo mu wa Gatanu babyamaganira kure kuko ho basanze bamaze no gusenga.

Sindayigaya ati “Mu gihe twe baduhaye amahitamo ‘mabi’, mu wa Gatanu ho barababwiye ngo turabizi ko hano harimo Abatutsi ni bajye hariya ukwabo.”

Aba banyeshuri bo mu wa Gatanu na bo bababereye ibamba banga kwivangura ndetse uwari amaze gusomera bagenzi be ijambo ry’Imana rivuga ko nta cyatandukanya abantu n’urukundo rw’Imana, ahita ababwira ko nta Muhutu n’Umututsi bari muri iryo shuri.

Muri iryo shuri ntibahatinze, bahise batangira kurasa abanyeshuri na bo bahita bagerageza gusohoka ari nabwo abo mu yandi mashuri bahise bumva urusaku rw’amasasu barasohoka bose birukanka ku misozi no mu mashyamba biza kurangira bamwe bahuye n’abasirikare ba RDF baza gutabara.

Abasirikare ba RDF bahageze bahise bafatanya n’inzego z’ibanze batanga ubufasha bw’ibanze ku bakomeretse gahoro, abakomeretse cyane bajyanwa ku Bitaro bya Kabgayi kuvurirwayo.

Abo banyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa Gatanu n’uwa Gatandatu bose banze kwitandukanya, baje kugirwa Intwari zo mu cyiciro cy’Imena.

Muri izo Ntwari z’Imena ubu abariho ni 39 nyuma y’uko ku ikubitiro batandatu baguye muri icyo gitero, umwe yitaba Imana muri Nyakanga 2001 azize ibikomere yatewe n’icyo gitero cy’abacengezi mu gihe undi yitabye Imana mu 2018 azize indwara.

Intwari 39 zikiriho, inyinshi zagize amahirwe yo gukomeza amashuri ya Kaminuza, ubu bakaba bakora imirimo inyuranye hirya no hino mu gihugu.

Sindayiheba yari afite imyaka 20 y'amavuko, yigaga mu mwaka wa Gatandatu w'amashuri yisumbuye ubwo Abacengezi bagabaga igitero mu Ishuri rya Nyange

Ku wa 18 Werurwe 1997 ni bwo abacengezi bateye Ikigo cy’Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Nyange

Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Nyange ribarizwa mu Murenge wa Nyange mu Karere ka Ngororero

Abigaga muri iri shuri banze kwitandukanya bashimangira ko ari Abanyarwanda