Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cyita ku Ngufu (IEA) kigaragaza ko ubwikorezi bw’abantu n’ibintu bufite uruhare rwa 24% y’imyuka yose ya Carbon Dioxide (CO2) yoherezwa mu kirere iturutse ku itwikwa rya lisansi na mazutu.

Imodoka nto, amakamyo, amabisi n’ibinyabiziga bigendera ku mapine abiri cyangwa atatu byihariye bitatu bya kane by’imyuka ihumanya yoherezwa mu kirere, kandi bikaza ku isonga mu bitera imihindagurikire y’ibihe no guhumanya umwuka by’umwihariko mu mijyi.

Hejuru ya 90% by’abatuye Isi bahumeka umwuka uhumanye kandi abakabakaba miliyoni zirindwi bapfa buri mwaka bazize indwara zituruka ku guhumeka uwo mwuka.

Ni ikibazo gihangayikishije cyane cyatumye amahanga akora hasi no hejuru mu gushaka umuti w’icyo kibazo. Mu byakozwe by’ibanze harimo kwimakaza gahunda yo gutangira kwifashisha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Kimwe n’andi mahanga u Rwanda narwo rwihaye intego yo kuba igihugu kitohereza imyuka ihumanya ikirere nk’uko bigaragara mu cyerekezo 2050.

U Rwanda kandi rufite intego y’uko kugeza mu 2030 ruzaba rwagabanyije ku gipimo cya 38% imyuka ihumanye yoherezwa mu kirere, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikaba zitezweho kugabanya 9% by’iyo myuka nk’uko bigaragara muri gahunda y’igihugu yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanye yoherezwa mu Kirere (Nationally Determined Contributions, NDC).

Kuba u Rwanda rwarahisemo kugabanya umubare w’imodoka zikoresha lisansi na mazutu bifite imvano cyane ko Raporo y’Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije (REMA) mu 2018 ku bitera ihumana ry’umwuka mu gihugu, yagaragaje ko imyuka isohorwa n’ibinyabiziga iza ku isonga mu bihumanya umwuka mu Mujyi wa Kigali no mu yindi mijyi.

Mu rwego rwo gukemura iki kibazo burundu, gukoresha imodoka zifashisha amashanyarazi mu kazi ka buri munsi ni imwe muri gahunda z’igihe kirekire leta y’u Rwanda ifite.

REMA yateye intambwe ya mbere

Mu cyumweru gishize REMA yahawe imodoka ikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi izayifasha kuzuza inshingano zayo zo kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Iyi modoka yo mu bwoko bwa Mitsubishi Outlander Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) igamije kwerekana ibyiza by’ikoranabuhanga rigabanya imyuka ihumanye yoherezwa mu kirere no gukangurira ibigo bya leta, iby’abikorera n’abantu ku giti cyabo gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa REMA, Kabera Juliet, yavuze ko gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu kazi ka buri munsi ari kimwe muri gahunda z’igihe kirekire iki kigo gifite mu gushyigikira gahunda ya Leta yo guteza imbere ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije.

Ati “Ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi na mazutu bigira uruhare mu mihindagurikire y’ibihe kandi bikanduza umwuka duhumeka.”

Yakomeje ati “Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ni kimwe mu bisubizo kuri iki kibazo, REMA ikaba iri gukoresha iryo koranabuhanga mu rwego rwo kugabanya ihumana ry’umwuka no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.”

Kimwe na REMA, Leta y’u Rwanda yashishikarije izindi nzego za leta, iz’abikorera n’abantu ku giti cyabo gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu rwego rwo gushyigikira urugamba rwo kurwanya ihumana ry’ikirere.

By’umwihariko REMA yatangije ubukangurambaga ku bigo bicuruza ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo bikwirakwize ibyuma bishyira amashanyarazi mu binyabiziga hirya no hino mu gihugu bityo n’abatuye hanze y’Umujyi wa Kigali bibone muri iryo koranabuhanga.

REMA yaguze imodoka ikoreshwa amashanyarazi, Izajya yifashishwa n'iki kigo mu bikorwa bitandukanye

Imodoka z’amashanyarazi zibereye isoko ry’u Rwanda

Inzobere akaba n’Umushakashatsi mu bijyanye n’Imodoka, Nikobisanzwe André uzwi nka Gromyko, yabwiye IGIHE ko yemeranya n’icyemezo cyo kwifashisha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ngo kuko izikoresha lisansi na mazutu zangiza ikirere.

Ati “Imodoka z’amashanyarazi nta kintu zitwika yaba lisansi cyangwa mazutu ahubwo ni moteri z’amashanyarazi zikaraga, zakwikaraga zigakaraga amapine nazo zibikesheje batiri. Izi modoka nta nubwo ziba zifite ha handi hasohokera umwotsi nko ku modoka zisanzwe kuko nta kintu na kimwe gisohoka gihumanya ikirere.”

Nikobisanzwe yakomeje avuga ko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zirimo amoko abiri, iziyakoresha yonyine n’iziyakoresha ariko zigakoresha na lisansi zizwi nka Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Ubu bwoko bwa kabiri ni bwo iyo REMA yaguze ibarizwamo.

Ubwoko bw’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa zidakeneye lisansi zirangwa no kudahinda no kutagira ahasohokera umwotsi. Iyo umuriro ushizemo zigahagarara mu gihe iza kabiri zo zishobora guhinda bitewe na moteri ziri gukoresha ako kanya niba ari iy’amashanyarazi cyangwa niba ari isanzwe ikoreshwa na lisansi, izi modoka zishobora kandi gusohora imyuka bitewe na moteri ziri gukoresha.

Nikobisanzwe asobanura imikorere y’imodoka za Hybrid Electric Vehicle yagize ati “izi modoka zitwarwa n’amashanyarazi ariko yunganirana n’aya moteri isanzwe ikoresha lisansi kimwe kigakora ikindi kikaza kugisimbura cyangwa bigakorera rimwe.”

Nikobisanzwe yavuze ko izi modoka iyo ziri ahantu hasaba ingufu nke zikoresha imbaraga zihabwa n’amashanyarazi byagera aho zitangiye gusabwa imbaraga zuzuye zigakoresha imbaraga zihabwa moteri y’amashanyarazi ariko zunganiwe n’izo zihabwa na moteri isanzwe.

Mu gihe zigeze nk’ahantu haterera cyane mudasobwa zayo zihita zitanga itegeko moteri isanzwe igafata inshingano mu buryo bwuzuye ngo aha niho ushobora no kumva itangiye guhinda. Izi modoka ziba zifite aho bashyiriramo lisansi n’umuriro hatandukanye.

Yavuze ko modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa zirangwa no kugira imbaraga nke ndetse byagera aho zisabwa inyinshi cyane umuriro ukaba washiramo vuba. Muri izo ngo inyinshi ntizikunze kurenga kilometero 100 bitaraba ngombwa ko umuntu yongeramo amashanyarazi.

Nikobisanzwe yavuze ko izi modoka ari nziza ku bantu bagenda amasaha make.

Ati “Hari umuntu ushobora kuba ukorera ahantu hagufi akaba atagira imizigo myinshi atwara, akaba adatwaramo abantu benshi, akaba atazamuka n’imisozi ashobora kugura imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi yonyine byakwemera, naho bitameze gutyo yazajya agira ikibazo cyo kugira ngo yongere yuzuze amashanyarazi.”

Ku bakora ingendo zigoranye ngo byaba byiza baguze imodoka ya Hybrid Electric.

Ati “Ku rundi ruhande abandi nabagira inama yo gukora nk’ibyo REMA yakoze kuko yazanye imodoka ikoresha bibiri, ikoresha amashanyarazi igakoresha na moteri isanzwe bikagenda byungikana.”

Uretse ngo kuba izi modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi na lisansi bizifasha kugira imbaraga ngo n’iyo amashanyarazi ashizemo umuntu atarabona ahandi acomeka ashobora gukoresha moteri ya lisansi gusa.

Ku bijyanye n’ubushobozi, Nikobisanzwe yavuze ko izi modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa ari zo zihendukira umuntu kuyikoreramo urugendo kuko mu busanzwe igiciro cy’amashanyarazi kitari hejuru nk’icya lisansi ariko anemeza ko izibivanga zombi zizajya zihendukira abantu kuzikoresha ugereranyije n’izikoresha lisansi cyangwa mazutu gusa.

Kugira ngo izi modoka zirusheho gutanga umusaruro mu Rwanda, Nikobisanzwe yavuze ko hari byinshi bigikenewe kunozwa birimo kongerera ubumenyi abazajya bazikora igihe zahuye n’ikibazo kuko zifite imiterere itandukanye n’iy’izindi, kwihaza mu byuma byazo (Pièce de rechange) ngo kuko bikiri bike mu Rwanda ndetse no gushyiraho sitasiyo nyinshi hirya no hino mu gihugu zizajya zongerera izi modoka amashanyarazi igihe ashizemo.

Kugeza ubu hari ibihugu byamaze gutera intambwe ikomeye mu ikoreshwa ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi. Kuva mu 2018 muri Norvège imodoka zirenze kimwe cya kabiri cy’izisohoka zose buri mwaka ziba zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Mu bindi bihugu aho ikoreshwa ry’izi modoka ryamaze gushinga imizi harimo u Bushinwa, Canada, u Buholandi na Finlande.

Kuri REMA hashyizwe na chargeur izajya ikoreshwa mu kongera umuriro muri izi modoka

Tesla ni rumwe mu nganda zashyize imbaraga mu gukoresha imodoka z'amashanyarazi

Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zitezweho kuzagabanya imyuka mibi yoherezwaga mu kirere

Hariho chargeur umuntu ashobora gushyira mu rugo rwe ikajya imufasha gushyira umuriro mu modoka

Aho izi modoka zatangiye gukoreshwa, hubakwa stations zishobora gukoreshwa n'imodoka nyinshi icyarimwe