Imibare y’igenzura ku Mibereho y’Abaturage ya 2020 igaragaza ko abana batewe inda bakiri bato ari 19.701, mu gihe Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha, RIB, rugaragaza ko mu bantu bose bafatwa ku ngufu 2% baba ari abahungu. Ni ibintu biteye inkeke ndetse bigereranywa n’ishyano ryagwiriye umuryango Nyarwanda kuko uko imyaka igenda ihita ubukana bw’ibi bibazo bugenda bwiyongera.

Umuryango uri mu byiciro byahungabanyijwe bikomeye n’icyorezo cya Covid-19 ahanini kubera ingamba zashyizweho mu kwirinda ikwirakwira ryacyo, aho igihugu cyafashe ibyemezo birimo Guma mu Rugo, kugabanya amasaha yo gutaha n’izindi.

Ibi byahaye icyuho ubwiyongere bw’ibibazo birimo iby’ihohoterwa ritandukanye rikorerwa mu miryango n’ibindi bibazo birishamikiyeho bibangamira iterambere ry’umuryango.

Nubwo ibi bibazo bifata ubukana ariko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ikomeza gufata ingamba zo gukumira no kurwanya ibi bibazo bigwira igihugu nubwo rimwe na rimwe zidatanga umusaruro witezwe.

Mu kiganiro IGIHE yagiranye na Minisitiri w’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango, Migeprof, Prof. Bayisenge Jeannette, yagarutse kuri ibi bibazo, agaragaza impamvu yabyo n’icyo minisiteri ikora mu kubishakira umuti urambye.

IGIHE: Ni uruhe ruhare rwa Migeprof mu gukemura ikibazo cy’ubwiyongere bw’abangavu baterwa inda?

Prof. Bayisenge: Twatangije ubukangurambaga buzamara umwaka burimo ibikorwa bitandukanye, harimo cyane cyane kumenya aho abana bahohotewe bari n’ibibazo byihariye bafite. Kuko dushobora kwicara tukavuga ngo abana bafashwe ku ngufu, batewe inda ni ibihumbi 19, ariko tutazi aho baherereye n’ibibazo bafite. Ni ngombwa rero ko tumenya imyirondoro yabo kugira ngo bafashwe.

Twashyizeho ingamba zitandukanye zirimo Isange One Stop Center, ikigo gifasha abana bahohotewe guhabwa ubufasha bukomatanyije burimo ubw’ubuvuzi, ubutabera, isanamitima ndetse no gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe. Ikindi ni uko buri mwaka ministeri itanga amafaranga agera kuri 200.000.000 Frw atangwa mu nzego z’ibanze, akoherezwa mu turere kugira ngo bafashe ba bana n’abandi bahohotewe ndetse n’ibijyanye n’icuruzwa ry’abantu cyane cyane abana b’abakobwa.

Mutekereza iki ku bantu basambanya abo bana, ni iki cyakorwa ngo ikibazo gikemuke burundu?

Prof. Bayisenge: Muri ubwo bukangurambaga twatangije, harimo no gushyira ku mugaragaro abakoze ibyo byaha ndetse bagahamwa na byo. Iki gikorwa rero turi gufatanya n’Ubushinjacyaha n’izindi nzego kugira ngo abasambanyije abana, bashyirwe hanze, amazina yabo ajye amanikwa ku biro by’ubuyobozi ku buryo abantu babamenya.

Hakunze kumvikana ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana b’abakobwa, ariko muri iyi minsi hari kugaragara n’abana b’abahungu basambanywa, byo murabivugaho iki?

Prof. Bayisenge: Ni ishyano! N’ibindi nabyo ni ishyano kuko n’iyo urebye n’abo bana b’abakobwa basambanywa bari mu byiciro by’imyaka. Hari abo munsi y’imyaka ibiri, imyaka icumi ndetse no munsi y’imyaka 18. Mu by’ukuri gusambanya umwana w’amezi umunani cyangwa uw’umwaka ni amarorerwa.

Kuba muri iyi minsi hasigaye humvikana n’abana b’abahungu basambanywa, ukumva umuntu w’umugabo yasambanyije abana b’abahungu cumi na bangahe, ni agahomamunwa. Rero iyo turwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ntituvuga ngo ni umugore wahohotewe n’umugabo n’umwana, buri wese aba agomba guhabwa ubutabera.

Icyo nibutsa ababyeyi ni uko batagomba kumva bafitiye igishyika abana b’abakobwa gusa ahubwo bakanguke bumve ko na wa mwana w’umuhungu na ho bitameze neza. Igihe akurikirana abana yumve ko bose bugarijwe ntiyite kuri bamwe ngo areke abandi.

IGIHE: Ikibazo cy’ubwiyongere bwa gatanya mukibona mute? Mubona giterwa n’iki?

Dr. Bayisenge: Bimwe mu bibazo byagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi tujya dukora harimo ingeso mbi, ubusambanyi, gucana inyuma, ubusinzi, kutizerana, kutumvikana ku byerekeranye n’umutungo ndetse no kumva nabi ihame ry’uburinganire, aho usanga umugabo avuga ko umugore agiye kwigira umutware, n’ibindi.

Ikindi ni ukudategurwa neza mbere yo kurushinga. Hari abo usanga bamenyanye nyuma y’amezi atatu, amezi ane ngo barabanye, ubuse koko abo baba bagiye mu mushinga w’ubuzima bwose? Urugo ni umushinga w’ubuzima bwose, umuntu aba agomba kuwutegura neza akawujyamo azi ibyo agiyemo.

Ikibazo kiri mu bikomereye umuryango cyane ni ikijyanye na gatanya, mubona hakorwa iki kugira ngo kivugutirwe umuti?

Prof. Bayisenge: Nka ministeri icyo twakoze, twateguye inyigisho, ni inyigisho ifite ‘modules’, aho duteganya ko abagiye kurushinga bajya bategurwa amezi atandatu, ndetse iyi nyigisho inaboneka kuri murandasi abantu bashobora kuyikurikira bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga noneho barangiza bagahabwa impamyabushobozi.

Ikindi turi gukora ni ukuvugurura amategeko, nk’irigenga abantu n’umuryango, n’irigenda imicungire, imitungo y’abashyingiranwe impano n’izungura cyane cyane ko twabonye ko gatanya nyinshi ziterwa n’imitungo. Turi kureba uko twayavugurura kugira ngo turebe icyakorwa ku bibazo byagiye bigaragaramo.

Abarangije kurushinga bari mu makimbirane na bo ntitubibagirwa, hari gahunda dufite y’indashyikirwa, aho dukurikirana umugabo n’umugore babana bari mu bibazo mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu bigishwa ndetse banaganirizwa. Ni gahunda yatanze umusaruro ndetse n’iyo dukoze igenzura turabibona.

Uyu munsi hari ikibazo cy’abagore bakora imirimo idahabwa agaciro, ntimubibona nk’imbogamizi ku iterambere ry’umugore n’umuryango muri rusange?

Prof. Bayisenge: Icyo dukora ni ukoroshya iyi mirimo, kuko yakorwa n’abagore yakorwa n’abagabo igomba koroha. Aha ni ho hashyirwamo imbaraga, binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye zirimo kwegereza amazi abaturage, amashanyarazi, amavuriro ndetse n’amashuri.

Ikindi navuga ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda, ’National Gender Statistics Report’ ya 2019, cyagaragaje ko abagabo bagira uruhare rungana na 22.8% ku mirimo yo mu rugo ugereranyije n’abagore bagira 77.2%. Imibare yo mu 2016 yo yari yerekanye ko abagore bamara amasaha 21 mu cyumweru bakora iyo mirimo ugereranyije n’abagabo bamara amasaha umunani.

Ibi bihita bigaragaza ko harimo ubusumbane, ariko bushingiye ku mateka, bushingiye ku myigishirize, bushingiye ku buryo abantu bakuze. Gusa ubona ko imyumvire igenda ihinduka kuko ubona n’ababyeyi b’abagabo bazanye abana kwivuza ariko biracyariho kenshi niba umugore n’umugabo bakora umwana akarwara, nyina ni we uzasiba akazi akajya kuvuza umwana. Aha rero uko ugenda wegereza ayo mavuriro, ibigo by’amashuri ukabyegereza abaturage bigabanya umwanya wa mugore atakaza.

Ibi ni bimwe mu biri gukorwa kugira ngo duhangane n’iki kibazo cy’imirimo yo mu rugo, tugabanye umwanya uyigendaho, ariko kandi tunakangurire na sosiyete Nyarwanda, kongera gukangurira abagabo ko atari ishyano riba ryaguye kuba wakarabya umwana wibyariye, kuba ushobora kumutekera ntabwo ari ishyano, kugenda duhindura iyo myumvire kugira ngo ihinduke buhoro buhoro ariko tunibanda cyane ku babyiruka kugira ngo babyirukane uwo muco wo gufashanya.

Muri iyi minsi hari imiryango y’abitwa aba-feminist mu Rwanda bavuganira uburenganzira bw’abagore, nka MIGEPROF mubona bibafasha iki?

Prof. Bayisenge: Ibi bidufasha kumenya uko ibibazo bihari biteye, kuko ukoze ikintu ntihagire ukubwira uti hariya wakoze nabi cyangwa wakoze neza, nawe ntumenya aho ujya, yego ushobora kwifasha ukagira gute ariko ibyo biganirompaka byose mbifata nk’aho bidufasha mu kazi.

Feminist ubundi si n’ijambo ribi, wenda ni uko hari bamwe barifata nabi, ariko hari abo twita ‘radical feminist’ bo bakabya kandi buri kintu cyose iyo cyatangiye gukabya kiba kibi. Feminism rero si ijambo ribi ni uguharanira uburenganzira bw’abagore.

Nuko wenda uburyo ubuharanira bushobora kunyuranya n’ubw’undi, mugafata inzira zitandukanye mwese mushaka kugera ahantu hamwe. Ariko ibi bidufasha kumenya uko ibibazo biri mu muryango biteye, tukabishakira ibisubizo.

Minisitiri w’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango, Prof. Bayisenge Jeannette, yagarutse ku ngamba Leta y'u Rwanda yafashe mu guhangana n'ibibazo byugarije umuryango Nyarwanda